2005-07-19 06:12:24 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
2006-01-06 01:55:39 +00:00
|
|
|
|
- Copyright (C) 2004-2006 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
|
2005-07-19 06:12:24 +00:00
|
|
|
|
- Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
|
|
|
|
|
|
- purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
|
|
|
|
|
|
- copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
- THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
|
|
|
|
|
|
- REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
|
|
|
|
|
|
- AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
|
|
|
|
|
|
- INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
|
|
|
|
|
|
- LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
|
|
|
|
|
|
- OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
|
|
|
|
|
|
- PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-->
|
2006-09-13 02:57:21 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<!-- $Id: man.dnssec-signzone.html,v 1.32 2006/09/13 02:57:21 marka Exp $ -->
|
2005-07-19 06:12:24 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<html>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<head>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<title>dnssec-signzone</title>
|
2006-06-29 13:03:32 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.70.1">
|
2005-07-19 06:12:24 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<link rel="start" href="Bv9ARM.html" title="BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<link rel="up" href="Bv9ARM.ch10.html" title="Manual pages">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<link rel="prev" href="man.dnssec-keygen.html" title="dnssec-keygen">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<link rel="next" href="man.named-checkconf.html" title="named-checkconf">
|
|
|
|
|
|
</head>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="navheader">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" summary="Navigation header">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr><th colspan="3" align="center"><span class="application">dnssec-signzone</span></th></tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="20%" align="left">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a accesskey="p" href="man.dnssec-keygen.html">Prev</a><EFBFBD></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<th width="60%" align="center">Manual pages</th>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="20%" align="right"><EFBFBD><a accesskey="n" href="man.named-checkconf.html">Next</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="refentry" lang="en">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a name="man.dnssec-signzone"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="refnamediv">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>Name</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p><span class="application">dnssec-signzone</span> — DNSSEC zone signing tool</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="refsynopsisdiv">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>Synopsis</h2>
|
2006-04-23 10:14:12 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dnssec-signzone</code> [<code class="option">-a</code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-e <em class="replaceable"><code>end-time</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>output-file</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-g</code>] [<code class="option">-h</code>] [<code class="option">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-l <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-i <em class="replaceable"><code>interval</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-I <em class="replaceable"><code>input-format</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-j <em class="replaceable"><code>jitter</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-N <em class="replaceable"><code>soa-serial-format</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-o <em class="replaceable"><code>origin</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-O <em class="replaceable"><code>output-format</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-p</code>] [<code class="option">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>randomdev</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-s <em class="replaceable"><code>start-time</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t</code>] [<code class="option">-v <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-z</code>] {zonefile} [key...]</p></div>
|
2005-07-19 06:12:24 +00:00
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
|
2006-09-13 02:57:21 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<a name="id2604310"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
|
2005-07-19 06:12:24 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<p><span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
signs a zone. It generates
|
|
|
|
|
|
NSEC and RRSIG records and produces a signed version of the
|
|
|
|
|
|
zone. The security status of delegations from the signed zone
|
|
|
|
|
|
(that is, whether the child zones are secure or not) is
|
|
|
|
|
|
determined by the presence or absence of a
|
|
|
|
|
|
<code class="filename">keyset</code> file for each child zone.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
|
2006-09-13 02:57:21 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<a name="id2604329"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
|
2005-07-19 06:12:24 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term">-a</span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Verify all generated signatures.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Specifies the DNS class of the zone.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Treat specified key as a key signing key ignoring any
|
|
|
|
|
|
key flags. This option may be specified multiple times.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term">-l <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Generate a DLV set in addition to the key (DNSKEY) and DS sets.
|
|
|
|
|
|
The domain is appended to the name of the records.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Look for <code class="filename">keyset</code> files in
|
|
|
|
|
|
<code class="option">directory</code> as the directory
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term">-g</span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Generate DS records for child zones from keyset files.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Existing DS records will be removed.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term">-s <em class="replaceable"><code>start-time</code></em></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Specify the date and time when the generated RRSIG records
|
|
|
|
|
|
become valid. This can be either an absolute or relative
|
|
|
|
|
|
time. An absolute start time is indicated by a number
|
|
|
|
|
|
in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation; 20000530144500 denotes
|
|
|
|
|
|
14:45:00 UTC on May 30th, 2000. A relative start time is
|
|
|
|
|
|
indicated by +N, which is N seconds from the current time.
|
|
|
|
|
|
If no <code class="option">start-time</code> is specified, the current
|
|
|
|
|
|
time minus 1 hour (to allow for clock skew) is used.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term">-e <em class="replaceable"><code>end-time</code></em></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Specify the date and time when the generated RRSIG records
|
|
|
|
|
|
expire. As with <code class="option">start-time</code>, an absolute
|
|
|
|
|
|
time is indicated in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation. A time relative
|
|
|
|
|
|
to the start time is indicated with +N, which is N seconds from
|
|
|
|
|
|
the start time. A time relative to the current time is
|
|
|
|
|
|
indicated with now+N. If no <code class="option">end-time</code> is
|
|
|
|
|
|
specified, 30 days from the start time is used as a default.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>output-file</code></em></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
The name of the output file containing the signed zone. The
|
|
|
|
|
|
default is to append <code class="filename">.signed</code> to
|
|
|
|
|
|
the
|
|
|
|
|
|
input file.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term">-h</span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Prints a short summary of the options and arguments to
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term">-i <em class="replaceable"><code>interval</code></em></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dd>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
When a previously signed zone is passed as input, records
|
|
|
|
|
|
may be resigned. The <code class="option">interval</code> option
|
|
|
|
|
|
specifies the cycle interval as an offset from the current
|
|
|
|
|
|
time (in seconds). If a RRSIG record expires after the
|
|
|
|
|
|
cycle interval, it is retained. Otherwise, it is considered
|
|
|
|
|
|
to be expiring soon, and it will be replaced.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
The default cycle interval is one quarter of the difference
|
|
|
|
|
|
between the signature end and start times. So if neither
|
|
|
|
|
|
<code class="option">end-time</code> or <code class="option">start-time</code>
|
|
|
|
|
|
are specified, <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
generates
|
|
|
|
|
|
signatures that are valid for 30 days, with a cycle
|
|
|
|
|
|
interval of 7.5 days. Therefore, if any existing RRSIG records
|
|
|
|
|
|
are due to expire in less than 7.5 days, they would be
|
|
|
|
|
|
replaced.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</dd>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term">-I <em class="replaceable"><code>input-format</code></em></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
The format of the input zone file.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Possible formats are <span><strong class="command">"text"</strong></span> (default)
|
|
|
|
|
|
and <span><strong class="command">"raw"</strong></span>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
This option is primarily intended to be used for dynamic
|
|
|
|
|
|
signed zones so that the dumped zone file in a non-text
|
|
|
|
|
|
format containing updates can be signed directly.
|
|
|
|
|
|
The use of this option does not make much sense for
|
|
|
|
|
|
non-dynamic zones.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term">-j <em class="replaceable"><code>jitter</code></em></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dd>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
When signing a zone with a fixed signature lifetime, all
|
|
|
|
|
|
RRSIG records issued at the time of signing expires
|
|
|
|
|
|
simultaneously. If the zone is incrementally signed, i.e.
|
|
|
|
|
|
a previously signed zone is passed as input to the signer,
|
|
|
|
|
|
all expired signatures has to be regenerated at about the
|
|
|
|
|
|
same time. The <code class="option">jitter</code> option specifies a
|
|
|
|
|
|
jitter window that will be used to randomize the signature
|
|
|
|
|
|
expire time, thus spreading incremental signature
|
|
|
|
|
|
regeneration over time.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Signature lifetime jitter also to some extent benefits
|
|
|
|
|
|
validators and servers by spreading out cache expiration,
|
|
|
|
|
|
i.e. if large numbers of RRSIGs don't expire at the same time
|
|
|
|
|
|
from all caches there will be less congestion than if all
|
|
|
|
|
|
validators need to refetch at mostly the same time.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</dd>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>ncpus</code></em></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Specifies the number of threads to use. By default, one
|
|
|
|
|
|
thread is started for each detected CPU.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
2006-04-23 10:14:12 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term">-N <em class="replaceable"><code>soa-serial-format</code></em></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dd>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
The SOA serial number format of the signed zone.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Possible formats are <span><strong class="command">"keep"</strong></span> (default),
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span><strong class="command">"increment"</strong></span> and
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span><strong class="command">"unixtime"</strong></span>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">"keep"</strong></span></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>Do not modify the SOA serial number.</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">"increment"</strong></span></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>Increment the SOA serial number using RFC 1982
|
|
|
|
|
|
arithmetics.</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">"unixtime"</strong></span></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>Set the SOA serial number to the number of seconds
|
|
|
|
|
|
since epoch.</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</dl></div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</dd>
|
2005-07-19 06:12:24 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term">-o <em class="replaceable"><code>origin</code></em></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
The zone origin. If not specified, the name of the zone file
|
|
|
|
|
|
is assumed to be the origin.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term">-O <em class="replaceable"><code>output-format</code></em></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
The format of the output file containing the signed zone.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Possible formats are <span><strong class="command">"text"</strong></span> (default)
|
|
|
|
|
|
and <span><strong class="command">"raw"</strong></span>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term">-p</span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Use pseudo-random data when signing the zone. This is faster,
|
|
|
|
|
|
but less secure, than using real random data. This option
|
|
|
|
|
|
may be useful when signing large zones or when the entropy
|
|
|
|
|
|
source is limited.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>randomdev</code></em></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Specifies the source of randomness. If the operating
|
|
|
|
|
|
system does not provide a <code class="filename">/dev/random</code>
|
|
|
|
|
|
or equivalent device, the default source of randomness
|
|
|
|
|
|
is keyboard input. <code class="filename">randomdev</code>
|
|
|
|
|
|
specifies
|
|
|
|
|
|
the name of a character device or file containing random
|
|
|
|
|
|
data to be used instead of the default. The special value
|
|
|
|
|
|
<code class="filename">keyboard</code> indicates that keyboard
|
|
|
|
|
|
input should be used.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term">-t</span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Print statistics at completion.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term">-v <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sets the debugging level.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term">-z</span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ignore KSK flag on key when determining what to sign.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term">zonefile</span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
The file containing the zone to be signed.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term">key</span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
The keys used to sign the zone. If no keys are specified, the
|
|
|
|
|
|
default all zone keys that have private key files in the
|
|
|
|
|
|
current directory.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</dl></div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
|
2006-09-13 02:57:21 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<a name="id2612183"></a><h2>EXAMPLE</h2>
|
2005-07-19 06:12:24 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following command signs the <strong class="userinput"><code>example.com</code></strong>
|
|
|
|
|
|
zone with the DSA key generated in the <span><strong class="command">dnssec-keygen</strong></span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
man page. The zone's keys must be in the zone. If there are
|
|
|
|
|
|
<code class="filename">keyset</code> files associated with child
|
|
|
|
|
|
zones,
|
|
|
|
|
|
they must be in the current directory.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<strong class="userinput"><code>example.com</code></strong>, the following command would be
|
|
|
|
|
|
issued:
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p><strong class="userinput"><code>dnssec-signzone -o example.com db.example.com
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kexample.com.+003+26160</code></strong>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
The command would print a string of the form:
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
In this example, <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span> creates
|
|
|
|
|
|
the file <code class="filename">db.example.com.signed</code>. This
|
|
|
|
|
|
file
|
|
|
|
|
|
should be referenced in a zone statement in a
|
|
|
|
|
|
<code class="filename">named.conf</code> file.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
|
2006-09-13 02:57:21 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<a name="id2612248"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
|
2005-07-19 06:12:24 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>,
|
|
|
|
|
|
<em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>,
|
|
|
|
|
|
<em class="citetitle">RFC 2535</em>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
|
2006-09-13 02:57:21 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<a name="id2612273"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
|
2005-07-19 06:12:24 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="navfooter">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="40%" align="left">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a accesskey="p" href="man.dnssec-keygen.html">Prev</a><EFBFBD></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="Bv9ARM.ch10.html">Up</a></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="40%" align="right"><EFBFBD><a accesskey="n" href="man.named-checkconf.html">Next</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="40%" align="left" valign="top"><span class="application">dnssec-keygen</span><EFBFBD></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="Bv9ARM.html">Home</a></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"><EFBFBD><span class="application">named-checkconf</span></td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</body>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</html>
|
