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<!--
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- Copyright (C) 2004-2011, 2013, 2014 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
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- Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium.
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- Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
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- copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
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-
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- THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
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- REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
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-->
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<!-- $Id$ -->
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
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<title>dig</title>
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<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.71.1">
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</head>
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<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="refentry" lang="en">
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<a name="man.dig"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
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<div class="refnamediv">
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<h2>Name</h2>
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<p>dig — DNS lookup utility</p>
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</div>
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<div class="refsynopsisdiv">
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<h2>Synopsis</h2>
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<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dig</code> [@server] [<code class="option">-b <em class="replaceable"><code>address</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-m</code>] [<code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port#</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-q <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-v</code>] [<code class="option">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>addr</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-y <em class="replaceable"><code>[<span class="optional">hmac:</span>]name:key</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-4</code>] [<code class="option">-6</code>] [name] [type] [class] [queryopt...]</p></div>
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<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dig</code> [<code class="option">-h</code>]</p></div>
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<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dig</code> [global-queryopt...] [query...]</p></div>
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</div>
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<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
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<a name="id2543544"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
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<p><span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
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(domain information groper) is a flexible tool
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for interrogating DNS name servers. It performs DNS lookups and
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displays the answers that are returned from the name server(s) that
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were queried. Most DNS administrators use <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> to
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troubleshoot DNS problems because of its flexibility, ease of use and
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clarity of output. Other lookup tools tend to have less functionality
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than <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>.
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</p>
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<p>
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Although <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> is normally used with
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command-line
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arguments, it also has a batch mode of operation for reading lookup
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requests from a file. A brief summary of its command-line arguments
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and options is printed when the <code class="option">-h</code> option is given.
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Unlike earlier versions, the BIND 9 implementation of
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<span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> allows multiple lookups to be issued
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from the
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command line.
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</p>
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<p>
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Unless it is told to query a specific name server,
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<span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will try each of the servers listed in
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<code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>. If no usable server addresses
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are found, <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will send the query to the local
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host.
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</p>
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<p>
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When no command line arguments or options are given,
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<span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will perform an NS query for "." (the root).
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</p>
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<p>
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It is possible to set per-user defaults for <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> via
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<code class="filename">${HOME}/.digrc</code>. This file is read and
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any options in it
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are applied before the command line arguments.
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</p>
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<p>
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The IN and CH class names overlap with the IN and CH top level
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domain names. Either use the <code class="option">-t</code> and
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<code class="option">-c</code> options to specify the type and class,
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use the <code class="option">-q</code> the specify the domain name, or
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use "IN." and "CH." when looking up these top level domains.
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
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<a name="id2543623"></a><h2>SIMPLE USAGE</h2>
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<p>
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A typical invocation of <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> looks like:
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</p>
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<pre class="programlisting"> dig @server name type </pre>
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<p>
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where:
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</p>
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<div class="variablelist"><dl>
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<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">server</code></span></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>
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is the name or IP address of the name server to query. This
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can be an IPv4 address in dotted-decimal notation or an IPv6
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address in colon-delimited notation. When the supplied
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<em class="parameter"><code>server</code></em> argument is a hostname,
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<span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> resolves that name before querying
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that name server.
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</p>
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<p>
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If no <em class="parameter"><code>server</code></em> argument is
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provided, <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> consults
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<code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>; if an
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address is found there, it queries the name server at
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that address. If either of the <code class="option">-4</code> or
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<code class="option">-6</code> options are in use, then
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only addresses for the corresponding transport
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will be tried. If no usable addresses are found,
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<span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will send the query to the
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local host. The reply from the name server that
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responds is displayed.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">name</code></span></dt>
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<dd><p>
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is the name of the resource record that is to be looked up.
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</p></dd>
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<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">type</code></span></dt>
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<dd><p>
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indicates what type of query is required —
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ANY, A, MX, SIG, etc.
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<em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> can be any valid query
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type. If no
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<em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> argument is supplied,
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<span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will perform a lookup for an
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A record.
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</p></dd>
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</dl></div>
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<p>
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
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<a name="id2543726"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
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<p>
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The <code class="option">-b</code> option sets the source IP address of the query
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to <em class="parameter"><code>address</code></em>. This must be a valid
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address on
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one of the host's network interfaces or "0.0.0.0" or "::". An optional
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port
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may be specified by appending "#<port>"
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</p>
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<p>
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The default query class (IN for internet) is overridden by the
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<code class="option">-c</code> option. <em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em> is
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any valid
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class, such as HS for Hesiod records or CH for Chaosnet records.
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</p>
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<p>
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The <code class="option">-f</code> option makes <span><strong class="command">dig </strong></span>
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operate
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in batch mode by reading a list of lookup requests to process from the
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file <em class="parameter"><code>filename</code></em>. The file contains a
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number of
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queries, one per line. Each entry in the file should be organized in
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the same way they would be presented as queries to
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<span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> using the command-line interface.
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</p>
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<p>
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The <code class="option">-m</code> option enables memory usage debugging.
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</p>
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<p>
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If a non-standard port number is to be queried, the
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<code class="option">-p</code> option is used. <em class="parameter"><code>port#</code></em> is
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the port number that <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will send its
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queries
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instead of the standard DNS port number 53. This option would be used
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to test a name server that has been configured to listen for queries
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on a non-standard port number.
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</p>
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<p>
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The <code class="option">-4</code> option forces <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
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to only
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use IPv4 query transport. The <code class="option">-6</code> option forces
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<span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> to only use IPv6 query transport.
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</p>
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<p>
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The <code class="option">-t</code> option sets the query type to
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<em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em>. It can be any valid query type
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which is
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supported in BIND 9. The default query type is "A", unless the
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<code class="option">-x</code> option is supplied to indicate a reverse lookup.
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A zone transfer can be requested by specifying a type of AXFR. When
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an incremental zone transfer (IXFR) is required,
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<em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> is set to <code class="literal">ixfr=N</code>.
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The incremental zone transfer will contain the changes made to the zone
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since the serial number in the zone's SOA record was
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<em class="parameter"><code>N</code></em>.
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</p>
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<p>
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The <code class="option">-q</code> option sets the query name to
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<em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em>. This is useful to distinguish the
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<em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> from other arguments.
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</p>
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<p>
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The <code class="option">-v</code> causes <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> to
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print the version number and exit.
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</p>
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<p>
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Reverse lookups — mapping addresses to names — are simplified by the
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<code class="option">-x</code> option. <em class="parameter"><code>addr</code></em> is
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an IPv4
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address in dotted-decimal notation, or a colon-delimited IPv6 address.
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When this option is used, there is no need to provide the
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<em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em>, <em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em> and
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<em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> arguments. <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
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automatically performs a lookup for a name like
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<code class="literal">11.12.13.10.in-addr.arpa</code> and sets the
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query type and
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class to PTR and IN respectively. By default, IPv6 addresses are
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looked up using nibble format under the IP6.ARPA domain.
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To use the older RFC1886 method using the IP6.INT domain
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specify the <code class="option">-i</code> option. Bit string labels (RFC2874)
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are now experimental and are not attempted.
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</p>
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<p>
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To sign the DNS queries sent by <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> and
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their
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responses using transaction signatures (TSIG), specify a TSIG key file
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using the <code class="option">-k</code> option. You can also specify the TSIG
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key itself on the command line using the <code class="option">-y</code> option;
|
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<em class="parameter"><code>hmac</code></em> is the type of the TSIG, default HMAC-MD5,
|
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|
|
<em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> is the name of the TSIG key and
|
|
|
|
|
<em class="parameter"><code>key</code></em> is the actual key. The key is a
|
|
|
|
|
base-64
|
|
|
|
|
encoded string, typically generated by
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>.
|
2004-04-07 00:57:04 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2005-05-11 06:05:43 +00:00
|
|
|
Caution should be taken when using the <code class="option">-y</code> option on
|
|
|
|
|
multi-user systems as the key can be visible in the output from
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ps</span>(1)</span>
|
|
|
|
|
or in the shell's history file. When
|
2013-11-07 01:04:45 +00:00
|
|
|
using TSIG authentication with <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>, the name
|
2005-05-11 06:05:43 +00:00
|
|
|
server that is queried needs to know the key and algorithm that is
|
|
|
|
|
being used. In BIND, this is done by providing appropriate
|
2013-11-07 01:04:45 +00:00
|
|
|
<span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statements in
|
2005-05-11 06:05:43 +00:00
|
|
|
<code class="filename">named.conf</code>.
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
2013-11-07 01:04:45 +00:00
|
|
|
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
|
2014-09-05 19:26:47 +00:00
|
|
|
<a name="id2544018"></a><h2>QUERY OPTIONS</h2>
|
2013-11-07 01:04:45 +00:00
|
|
|
<p><span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
|
2005-05-11 06:05:43 +00:00
|
|
|
provides a number of query options which affect
|
|
|
|
|
the way in which lookups are made and the results displayed. Some of
|
|
|
|
|
these set or reset flag bits in the query header, some determine which
|
|
|
|
|
sections of the answer get printed, and others determine the timeout
|
|
|
|
|
and retry strategies.
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
|
Each query option is identified by a keyword preceded by a plus sign
|
|
|
|
|
(<code class="literal">+</code>). Some keywords set or reset an
|
|
|
|
|
option. These may be preceded
|
|
|
|
|
by the string <code class="literal">no</code> to negate the meaning of
|
|
|
|
|
that keyword. Other
|
|
|
|
|
keywords assign values to options like the timeout interval. They
|
|
|
|
|
have the form <code class="option">+keyword=value</code>.
|
|
|
|
|
The query options are:
|
2001-06-08 17:16:44 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2005-05-11 06:05:43 +00:00
|
|
|
</p>
|
2013-11-07 01:04:45 +00:00
|
|
|
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
|
2014-05-15 03:57:31 +00:00
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]aaflag</code></span></dt>
|
2005-05-11 06:05:43 +00:00
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
2014-05-15 03:57:31 +00:00
|
|
|
A synonym for <em class="parameter"><code>+[no]aaonly</code></em>.
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
2005-05-11 06:05:43 +00:00
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]aaonly</code></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
2014-05-15 03:57:31 +00:00
|
|
|
Sets the "aa" flag in the query.
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]additional</code></span></dt>
|
2005-05-11 06:05:43 +00:00
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
2014-05-15 03:57:31 +00:00
|
|
|
Display [do not display] the additional section of a
|
|
|
|
|
reply. The default is to display it.
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
2005-05-11 06:05:43 +00:00
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]adflag</code></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
2009-02-03 01:11:46 +00:00
|
|
|
Set [do not set] the AD (authentic data) bit in the
|
|
|
|
|
query. This requests the server to return whether
|
|
|
|
|
all of the answer and authority sections have all
|
|
|
|
|
been validated as secure according to the security
|
|
|
|
|
policy of the server. AD=1 indicates that all records
|
|
|
|
|
have been validated as secure and the answer is not
|
|
|
|
|
from a OPT-OUT range. AD=0 indicate that some part
|
2011-11-05 01:14:51 +00:00
|
|
|
of the answer was insecure or not validated. This
|
|
|
|
|
bit is set by default.
|
2009-02-03 01:11:46 +00:00
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
2014-05-15 03:57:31 +00:00
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]all</code></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
|
|
|
Set or clear all display flags.
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]answer</code></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
|
|
|
Display [do not display] the answer section of a
|
|
|
|
|
reply. The default is to display it.
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]authority</code></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
|
|
|
Display [do not display] the authority section of a
|
|
|
|
|
reply. The default is to display it.
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]besteffort</code></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
|
|
|
Attempt to display the contents of messages which are
|
|
|
|
|
malformed. The default is to not display malformed
|
|
|
|
|
answers.
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+bufsize=B</code></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
|
|
|
Set the UDP message buffer size advertised using EDNS0
|
|
|
|
|
to <em class="parameter"><code>B</code></em> bytes. The maximum and
|
|
|
|
|
minimum sizes of this buffer are 65535 and 0 respectively.
|
|
|
|
|
Values outside this range are rounded up or down
|
|
|
|
|
appropriately. Values other than zero will cause a
|
|
|
|
|
EDNS query to be sent.
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
2005-05-11 06:05:43 +00:00
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]cdflag</code></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
2014-05-15 03:57:31 +00:00
|
|
|
Set [do not set] the CD (checking disabled) bit in
|
|
|
|
|
the query. This requests the server to not perform
|
|
|
|
|
DNSSEC validation of responses.
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
2005-05-11 06:05:43 +00:00
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]cl</code></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
2014-05-15 03:57:31 +00:00
|
|
|
Display [do not display] the CLASS when printing the
|
|
|
|
|
record.
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]cmd</code></span></dt>
|
2005-05-11 06:05:43 +00:00
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
2014-05-15 03:57:31 +00:00
|
|
|
Toggles the printing of the initial comment in the
|
|
|
|
|
output identifying the version of <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
|
|
|
|
|
and the query options that have been applied. This
|
|
|
|
|
comment is printed by default.
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]comments</code></span></dt>
|
2014-04-30 01:05:11 +00:00
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
2014-05-15 03:57:31 +00:00
|
|
|
Toggle the display of comment lines in the output.
|
|
|
|
|
The default is to print comments.
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]crypto</code></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
|
|
|
Toggle the display of cryptographic fields in DNSSEC
|
|
|
|
|
records. The contents of these field are unnecessary
|
|
|
|
|
to debug most DNSSEC validation failures and removing
|
|
|
|
|
them makes it easier to see the common failures. The
|
|
|
|
|
default is to display the fields. When omitted they
|
|
|
|
|
are replaced by the string "[omitted]" or in the
|
|
|
|
|
DNSKEY case the key id is displayed as the replacement,
|
|
|
|
|
e.g. "[ key id = value ]".
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]defname</code></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
|
|
|
Deprecated, treated as a synonym for
|
|
|
|
|
<em class="parameter"><code>+[no]search</code></em>
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
2014-05-15 04:46:54 +00:00
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]dnssec</code></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
|
|
|
Requests DNSSEC records be sent by setting the DNSSEC
|
|
|
|
|
OK bit (DO) in the OPT record in the additional section
|
|
|
|
|
of the query.
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
2014-05-15 03:57:31 +00:00
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+domain=somename</code></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
|
|
|
Set the search list to contain the single domain
|
|
|
|
|
<em class="parameter"><code>somename</code></em>, as if specified in
|
|
|
|
|
a <span><strong class="command">domain</strong></span> directive in
|
|
|
|
|
<code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>, and enable
|
|
|
|
|
search list processing as if the
|
|
|
|
|
<em class="parameter"><code>+search</code></em> option were given.
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
2014-07-16 01:05:40 +00:00
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+dscp=value</code></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
|
|
|
Set the DSCP code point to be used when sending the
|
|
|
|
|
query. Valid DSCP code points are in the range
|
2014-08-16 01:06:20 +00:00
|
|
|
[0..63]. By default no code point is explicitly set.
|
2014-07-16 01:05:40 +00:00
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
2014-05-15 03:57:31 +00:00
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]edns[=#]</code></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
|
|
|
Specify the EDNS version to query with. Valid values
|
|
|
|
|
are 0 to 255. Setting the EDNS version will cause
|
|
|
|
|
a EDNS query to be sent. <code class="option">+noedns</code>
|
|
|
|
|
clears the remembered EDNS version. EDNS is set to
|
|
|
|
|
0 by default.
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
2014-09-14 01:05:19 +00:00
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ednsflags[=#]</code></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
|
|
|
Set the must-be-zero EDNS flags bits (Z bits) to the
|
|
|
|
|
specified value. Decimal, hex and octal encodings are
|
|
|
|
|
accepted. Setting a named flag (e.g. DO) will silently be
|
|
|
|
|
ignored. By default, no Z bits are set.
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
2014-05-15 03:57:31 +00:00
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ednsopt[=code[:value]]</code></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
|
|
|
Specify EDNS option with code point <code class="option">code</code>
|
|
|
|
|
and optionally payload of <code class="option">value</code> as a
|
|
|
|
|
hexadecimal string. <code class="option">+noednsopt</code>
|
2014-05-15 05:05:58 +00:00
|
|
|
clears the EDNS options to be sent.
|
2014-05-15 03:57:31 +00:00
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]expire</code></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
|
|
|
Send an EDNS Expire option.
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]fail</code></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
|
|
|
Do not try the next server if you receive a SERVFAIL.
|
|
|
|
|
The default is to not try the next server which is
|
|
|
|
|
the reverse of normal stub resolver behavior.
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]identify</code></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
|
|
|
Show [or do not show] the IP address and port number
|
|
|
|
|
that supplied the answer when the
|
|
|
|
|
<em class="parameter"><code>+short</code></em> option is enabled. If
|
|
|
|
|
short form answers are requested, the default is not
|
|
|
|
|
to show the source address and port number of the
|
|
|
|
|
server that provided the answer.
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ignore</code></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
|
|
|
Ignore truncation in UDP responses instead of retrying
|
|
|
|
|
with TCP. By default, TCP retries are performed.
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]keepopen</code></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
|
|
|
Keep the TCP socket open between queries and reuse
|
|
|
|
|
it rather than creating a new TCP socket for each
|
|
|
|
|
lookup. The default is <code class="option">+nokeepopen</code>.
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]multiline</code></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
|
|
|
Print records like the SOA records in a verbose
|
|
|
|
|
multi-line format with human-readable comments. The
|
|
|
|
|
default is to print each record on a single line, to
|
|
|
|
|
facilitate machine parsing of the <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
|
|
|
|
|
output.
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+ndots=D</code></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
|
|
|
Set the number of dots that have to appear in
|
|
|
|
|
<em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> to <em class="parameter"><code>D</code></em>
|
|
|
|
|
for it to be considered absolute. The default value
|
|
|
|
|
is that defined using the ndots statement in
|
|
|
|
|
<code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>, or 1 if no
|
|
|
|
|
ndots statement is present. Names with fewer dots
|
|
|
|
|
are interpreted as relative names and will be searched
|
|
|
|
|
for in the domains listed in the <code class="option">search</code>
|
|
|
|
|
or <code class="option">domain</code> directive in
|
2014-10-21 01:04:47 +00:00
|
|
|
<code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code> if
|
|
|
|
|
<code class="option">+search</code> is set.
|
2014-05-15 03:57:31 +00:00
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]nsid</code></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
|
|
|
Include an EDNS name server ID request when sending
|
|
|
|
|
a query.
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]nssearch</code></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
|
|
|
When this option is set, <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
|
|
|
|
|
attempts to find the authoritative name servers for
|
|
|
|
|
the zone containing the name being looked up and
|
|
|
|
|
display the SOA record that each name server has for
|
|
|
|
|
the zone.
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]onesoa</code></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
|
|
|
Print only one (starting) SOA record when performing
|
|
|
|
|
an AXFR. The default is to print both the starting
|
|
|
|
|
and ending SOA records.
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]qr</code></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
|
|
|
Print [do not print] the query as it is sent. By
|
|
|
|
|
default, the query is not printed.
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]question</code></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
|
|
|
|
Print [do not print] the question section of a query
|
|
|
|
|
when an answer is returned. The default is to print
|
|
|
|
|
the question section as a comment.
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
2005-05-11 06:05:43 +00:00
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]recurse</code></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
2011-11-05 01:14:51 +00:00
|
|
|
Toggle the setting of the RD (recursion desired) bit
|
|
|
|
|
in the query. This bit is set by default, which means
|
2013-11-07 01:04:45 +00:00
|
|
|
<span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> normally sends recursive
|
2011-11-05 01:14:51 +00:00
|
|
|
queries. Recursion is automatically disabled when
|
|
|
|
|
the <em class="parameter"><code>+nssearch</code></em> or
|
|
|
|
|
<em class="parameter"><code>+trace</code></em> query options are used.
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
2014-05-15 03:57:31 +00:00
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+retry=T</code></span></dt>
|
2005-05-11 06:05:43 +00:00
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
2014-05-15 03:57:31 +00:00
|
|
|
Sets the number of times to retry UDP queries to
|
|
|
|
|
server to <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> instead of the
|
|
|
|
|
default, 2. Unlike <em class="parameter"><code>+tries</code></em>,
|
|
|
|
|
this does not include the initial query.
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]rrcomments</code></span></dt>
|
2005-05-11 06:05:43 +00:00
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
2014-05-15 03:57:31 +00:00
|
|
|
Toggle the display of per-record comments in the
|
|
|
|
|
output (for example, human-readable key information
|
|
|
|
|
about DNSKEY records). The default is not to print
|
|
|
|
|
record comments unless multiline mode is active.
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]search</code></span></dt>
|
2014-10-21 01:04:47 +00:00
|
|
|
<dd>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
2014-05-15 03:57:31 +00:00
|
|
|
Use [do not use] the search list defined by the
|
|
|
|
|
searchlist or domain directive in
|
|
|
|
|
<code class="filename">resolv.conf</code> (if any). The search
|
|
|
|
|
list is not used by default.
|
2014-10-21 01:04:47 +00:00
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
|
'ndots' from <code class="filename">resolv.conf</code> (default 1)
|
|
|
|
|
which may be overridden by <em class="parameter"><code>+ndots</code></em>
|
|
|
|
|
determines if the name will be treated as relative
|
|
|
|
|
or not and hence whether a search is eventually
|
|
|
|
|
performed or not.
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
</dd>
|
2014-05-15 03:57:31 +00:00
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]short</code></span></dt>
|
2005-05-11 06:05:43 +00:00
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
2014-05-15 03:57:31 +00:00
|
|
|
Provide a terse answer. The default is to print the
|
|
|
|
|
answer in a verbose form.
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]showsearch</code></span></dt>
|
2005-05-11 06:05:43 +00:00
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
2014-05-15 03:57:31 +00:00
|
|
|
Perform [do not perform] a search showing intermediate
|
|
|
|
|
results.
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]sigchase</code></span></dt>
|
2011-03-06 01:14:21 +00:00
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
2014-05-15 03:57:31 +00:00
|
|
|
Chase DNSSEC signature chains. Requires dig be
|
|
|
|
|
compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]sit[<span class="optional">=####</span>]</code></span></dt>
|
2013-08-13 01:04:39 +00:00
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
2014-05-15 03:57:31 +00:00
|
|
|
Send a Source Identity Token EDNS option, with optional
|
|
|
|
|
value. Replaying a SIT from a previous response will
|
|
|
|
|
allow the server to identify a previous client. The
|
|
|
|
|
default is <code class="option">+nosit</code>. Currently using
|
|
|
|
|
experimental value 65001 for the option code.
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
2011-03-06 01:14:21 +00:00
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+split=W</code></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
2014-05-15 03:57:31 +00:00
|
|
|
Split long hex- or base64-formatted fields in resource
|
|
|
|
|
records into chunks of <em class="parameter"><code>W</code></em>
|
|
|
|
|
characters (where <em class="parameter"><code>W</code></em> is rounded
|
|
|
|
|
up to the nearest multiple of 4).
|
|
|
|
|
<em class="parameter"><code>+nosplit</code></em> or
|
|
|
|
|
<em class="parameter"><code>+split=0</code></em> causes fields not to
|
|
|
|
|
be split at all. The default is 56 characters, or
|
|
|
|
|
44 characters when multiline mode is active.
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
2005-05-11 06:05:43 +00:00
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]stats</code></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
2014-05-15 03:57:31 +00:00
|
|
|
This query option toggles the printing of statistics:
|
|
|
|
|
when the query was made, the size of the reply and
|
|
|
|
|
so on. The default behavior is to print the query
|
|
|
|
|
statistics.
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]subnet=addr/prefix</code></span></dt>
|
2005-05-11 06:05:43 +00:00
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
2014-08-16 01:06:20 +00:00
|
|
|
Send an EDNS Client Subnet option with the specified
|
2014-05-15 03:57:31 +00:00
|
|
|
IP address or network prefix.
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]tcp</code></span></dt>
|
2005-05-11 06:05:43 +00:00
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
2014-05-15 03:57:31 +00:00
|
|
|
Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. The
|
|
|
|
|
default behavior is to use UDP unless an
|
|
|
|
|
<code class="literal">ixfr=N</code> query is requested, in which
|
|
|
|
|
case the default is TCP. AXFR queries always use
|
|
|
|
|
TCP.
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
2005-05-11 06:05:43 +00:00
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+time=T</code></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
2001-06-08 17:16:44 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2014-05-15 04:46:54 +00:00
|
|
|
Sets the timeout for a query to
|
|
|
|
|
<em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> seconds. The default
|
2007-05-09 03:33:51 +00:00
|
|
|
timeout is 5 seconds.
|
2014-05-15 04:46:54 +00:00
|
|
|
An attempt to set <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> to less
|
|
|
|
|
than 1 will result
|
|
|
|
|
in a query timeout of 1 second being applied.
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
2014-05-15 03:57:31 +00:00
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]topdown</code></span></dt>
|
2014-04-20 01:05:19 +00:00
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
2014-05-15 03:57:31 +00:00
|
|
|
When chasing DNSSEC signature chains perform a top-down
|
|
|
|
|
validation. Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.
|
2005-06-07 03:06:51 +00:00
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
2014-05-15 03:57:31 +00:00
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]trace</code></span></dt>
|
|
|
|
|
<dd>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
|
Toggle tracing of the delegation path from the root
|
|
|
|
|
name servers for the name being looked up. Tracing
|
|
|
|
|
is disabled by default. When tracing is enabled,
|
|
|
|
|
<span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> makes iterative queries to
|
|
|
|
|
resolve the name being looked up. It will follow
|
|
|
|
|
referrals from the root servers, showing the answer
|
|
|
|
|
from each server that was used to resolve the lookup.
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
|
<span><strong class="command">+dnssec</strong></span> is also set when +trace
|
|
|
|
|
is set to better emulate the default queries from a
|
|
|
|
|
nameserver.
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
</dd>
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+tries=T</code></span></dt>
|
2010-03-05 01:14:15 +00:00
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
2014-05-15 03:57:31 +00:00
|
|
|
Sets the number of times to try UDP queries to server
|
|
|
|
|
to <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> instead of the default,
|
|
|
|
|
3. If <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> is less than or equal
|
|
|
|
|
to zero, the number of tries is silently rounded up
|
|
|
|
|
to 1.
|
2010-03-05 01:14:15 +00:00
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
2005-05-11 06:05:43 +00:00
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+trusted-key=####</code></span></dt>
|
2005-08-30 04:18:58 +00:00
|
|
|
<dd>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
2014-05-15 03:57:31 +00:00
|
|
|
Specifies a file containing trusted keys to be used
|
|
|
|
|
with <code class="option">+sigchase</code>. Each DNSKEY record
|
|
|
|
|
must be on its own line.
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
2005-08-30 04:18:58 +00:00
|
|
|
<p>
|
2014-05-15 03:57:31 +00:00
|
|
|
If not specified, <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will look
|
|
|
|
|
for <code class="filename">/etc/trusted-key.key</code> then
|
|
|
|
|
<code class="filename">trusted-key.key</code> in the current
|
|
|
|
|
directory.
|
2005-08-30 04:18:58 +00:00
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
2014-05-15 03:57:31 +00:00
|
|
|
Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.
|
2005-08-30 04:18:58 +00:00
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
</dd>
|
2014-05-15 03:57:31 +00:00
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ttlid</code></span></dt>
|
2014-02-20 19:19:27 +00:00
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
2014-05-15 03:57:31 +00:00
|
|
|
Display [do not display] the TTL when printing the
|
|
|
|
|
record.
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ttlunits</code></span></dt>
|
2014-02-20 19:19:27 +00:00
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
2014-05-15 04:46:54 +00:00
|
|
|
Display [do not display] the TTL in friendly human-readable
|
|
|
|
|
time units of "s", "m", "h", "d", and "w", representing
|
|
|
|
|
seconds, minutes, hours, days and weeks. Implies +ttlid.
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
2014-05-15 03:57:31 +00:00
|
|
|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]vc</code></span></dt>
|
2014-02-20 19:19:27 +00:00
|
|
|
<dd><p>
|
2014-05-15 03:57:31 +00:00
|
|
|
Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. This
|
|
|
|
|
alternate syntax to <em class="parameter"><code>+[no]tcp</code></em>
|
|
|
|
|
is provided for backwards compatibility. The "vc"
|
|
|
|
|
stands for "virtual circuit".
|
|
|
|
|
</p></dd>
|
2005-05-11 06:05:43 +00:00
|
|
|
</dl></div>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
2001-06-08 17:16:44 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2005-05-11 06:05:43 +00:00
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
2013-11-07 01:04:45 +00:00
|
|
|
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
|
2014-10-21 01:04:47 +00:00
|
|
|
<a name="id2545313"></a><h2>MULTIPLE QUERIES</h2>
|
2005-05-11 06:05:43 +00:00
|
|
|
<p>
|
2013-11-07 01:04:45 +00:00
|
|
|
The BIND 9 implementation of <span><strong class="command">dig </strong></span>
|
2005-05-11 06:05:43 +00:00
|
|
|
supports
|
|
|
|
|
specifying multiple queries on the command line (in addition to
|
|
|
|
|
supporting the <code class="option">-f</code> batch file option). Each of those
|
|
|
|
|
queries can be supplied with its own set of flags, options and query
|
|
|
|
|
options.
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
|
In this case, each <em class="parameter"><code>query</code></em> argument
|
|
|
|
|
represent an
|
|
|
|
|
individual query in the command-line syntax described above. Each
|
|
|
|
|
consists of any of the standard options and flags, the name to be
|
|
|
|
|
looked up, an optional query type and class and any query options that
|
|
|
|
|
should be applied to that query.
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
|
A global set of query options, which should be applied to all queries,
|
|
|
|
|
can also be supplied. These global query options must precede the
|
|
|
|
|
first tuple of name, class, type, options, flags, and query options
|
|
|
|
|
supplied on the command line. Any global query options (except
|
|
|
|
|
the <code class="option">+[no]cmd</code> option) can be
|
|
|
|
|
overridden by a query-specific set of query options. For example:
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<pre class="programlisting">
|
|
|
|
|
dig +qr www.isc.org any -x 127.0.0.1 isc.org ns +noqr
|
|
|
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
2013-11-07 01:04:45 +00:00
|
|
|
shows how <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> could be used from the
|
2005-05-11 06:05:43 +00:00
|
|
|
command line
|
|
|
|
|
to make three lookups: an ANY query for <code class="literal">www.isc.org</code>, a
|
|
|
|
|
reverse lookup of 127.0.0.1 and a query for the NS records of
|
|
|
|
|
<code class="literal">isc.org</code>.
|
2001-06-08 17:16:44 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2005-05-11 06:05:43 +00:00
|
|
|
A global query option of <em class="parameter"><code>+qr</code></em> is
|
|
|
|
|
applied, so
|
2013-11-07 01:04:45 +00:00
|
|
|
that <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> shows the initial query it made
|
2005-05-11 06:05:43 +00:00
|
|
|
for each
|
|
|
|
|
lookup. The final query has a local query option of
|
2013-11-07 01:04:45 +00:00
|
|
|
<em class="parameter"><code>+noqr</code></em> which means that <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
|
2005-05-11 06:05:43 +00:00
|
|
|
will not print the initial query when it looks up the NS records for
|
|
|
|
|
<code class="literal">isc.org</code>.
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
2013-11-07 01:04:45 +00:00
|
|
|
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
|
2014-10-21 01:04:47 +00:00
|
|
|
<a name="id2545374"></a><h2>IDN SUPPORT</h2>
|
2005-09-09 13:40:39 +00:00
|
|
|
<p>
|
2013-11-07 01:04:45 +00:00
|
|
|
If <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> has been built with IDN (internationalized
|
2005-09-09 13:40:39 +00:00
|
|
|
domain name) support, it can accept and display non-ASCII domain names.
|
2013-11-07 01:04:45 +00:00
|
|
|
<span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> appropriately converts character encoding of
|
2005-09-09 13:40:39 +00:00
|
|
|
domain name before sending a request to DNS server or displaying a
|
|
|
|
|
reply from the server.
|
|
|
|
|
If you'd like to turn off the IDN support for some reason, defines
|
|
|
|
|
the <code class="envar">IDN_DISABLE</code> environment variable.
|
|
|
|
|
The IDN support is disabled if the variable is set when
|
2013-11-07 01:04:45 +00:00
|
|
|
<span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> runs.
|
2005-09-09 13:40:39 +00:00
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
2013-11-07 01:04:45 +00:00
|
|
|
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
|
2014-10-21 01:04:47 +00:00
|
|
|
<a name="id2545397"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
|
2005-05-11 06:05:43 +00:00
|
|
|
<p><code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<p><code class="filename">${HOME}/.digrc</code>
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
2013-11-07 01:04:45 +00:00
|
|
|
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
|
2014-10-21 01:04:47 +00:00
|
|
|
<a name="id2545414"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
|
2005-05-11 06:05:43 +00:00
|
|
|
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">host</span>(1)</span>,
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named</span>(8)</span>,
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>,
|
|
|
|
|
<em class="citetitle">RFC1035</em>.
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
2013-11-07 01:04:45 +00:00
|
|
|
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
|
2014-10-21 01:04:47 +00:00
|
|
|
<a name="id2545451"></a><h2>BUGS</h2>
|
2005-05-11 06:05:43 +00:00
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
|
There are probably too many query options.
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
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</div></body>
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</html>
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