diff --git a/lib/dns/dst_api.c b/lib/dns/dst_api.c
index d7d28aace6..f36f087fd0 100644
--- a/lib/dns/dst_api.c
+++ b/lib/dns/dst_api.c
@@ -469,6 +469,16 @@ dst_key_isexternal(dst_key_t *key) {
 	return (key->external);
 }
 
+void
+dst_key_setmodified(dst_key_t *key, bool value) {
+	key->modified = value;
+}
+
+bool
+dst_key_ismodified(dst_key_t *key) {
+	return (key->modified);
+}
+
 isc_result_t
 dst_key_getfilename(dns_name_t *name, dns_keytag_t id, unsigned int alg,
 		    int type, const char *directory, isc_mem_t *mctx,
@@ -610,6 +620,7 @@ dst_key_fromnamedfile(const char *filename, const char *dirname, int type,
 	    (pubkey->key_flags & DNS_KEYFLAG_TYPEMASK) == DNS_KEYTYPE_NOKEY)
 	{
 		RETERR(computeid(pubkey));
+		pubkey->modified = false;
 		*keyp = pubkey;
 		pubkey = NULL;
 		goto out;
@@ -663,6 +674,7 @@ dst_key_fromnamedfile(const char *filename, const char *dirname, int type,
 		RETERR(DST_R_INVALIDPRIVATEKEY);
 	}
 
+	key->modified = false;
 	*keyp = key;
 	key = NULL;
 
@@ -1016,6 +1028,8 @@ dst_key_setbool(dst_key_t *key, int type, bool value) {
 	REQUIRE(type <= DST_MAX_BOOLEAN);
 
 	isc_mutex_lock(&key->mdlock);
+	key->modified = key->modified || !key->boolset[type] ||
+			key->bools[type] != value;
 	key->bools[type] = value;
 	key->boolset[type] = true;
 	isc_mutex_unlock(&key->mdlock);
@@ -1027,6 +1041,7 @@ dst_key_unsetbool(dst_key_t *key, int type) {
 	REQUIRE(type <= DST_MAX_BOOLEAN);
 
 	isc_mutex_lock(&key->mdlock);
+	key->modified = key->modified || key->boolset[type];
 	key->boolset[type] = false;
 	isc_mutex_unlock(&key->mdlock);
 }
@@ -1054,6 +1069,8 @@ dst_key_setnum(dst_key_t *key, int type, uint32_t value) {
 	REQUIRE(type <= DST_MAX_NUMERIC);
 
 	isc_mutex_lock(&key->mdlock);
+	key->modified = key->modified || !key->numset[type] ||
+			key->nums[type] != value;
 	key->nums[type] = value;
 	key->numset[type] = true;
 	isc_mutex_unlock(&key->mdlock);
@@ -1065,6 +1082,7 @@ dst_key_unsetnum(dst_key_t *key, int type) {
 	REQUIRE(type <= DST_MAX_NUMERIC);
 
 	isc_mutex_lock(&key->mdlock);
+	key->modified = key->modified || key->numset[type];
 	key->numset[type] = false;
 	isc_mutex_unlock(&key->mdlock);
 }
@@ -1091,6 +1109,8 @@ dst_key_settime(dst_key_t *key, int type, isc_stdtime_t when) {
 	REQUIRE(type <= DST_MAX_TIMES);
 
 	isc_mutex_lock(&key->mdlock);
+	key->modified = key->modified || !key->timeset[type] ||
+			key->times[type] != when;
 	key->times[type] = when;
 	key->timeset[type] = true;
 	isc_mutex_unlock(&key->mdlock);
@@ -1102,6 +1122,7 @@ dst_key_unsettime(dst_key_t *key, int type) {
 	REQUIRE(type <= DST_MAX_TIMES);
 
 	isc_mutex_lock(&key->mdlock);
+	key->modified = key->modified || key->timeset[type];
 	key->timeset[type] = false;
 	isc_mutex_unlock(&key->mdlock);
 }
@@ -1129,6 +1150,8 @@ dst_key_setstate(dst_key_t *key, int type, dst_key_state_t state) {
 	REQUIRE(type <= DST_MAX_KEYSTATES);
 
 	isc_mutex_lock(&key->mdlock);
+	key->modified = key->modified || !key->keystateset[type] ||
+			key->keystates[type] != state;
 	key->keystates[type] = state;
 	key->keystateset[type] = true;
 	isc_mutex_unlock(&key->mdlock);
@@ -1140,6 +1163,7 @@ dst_key_unsetstate(dst_key_t *key, int type) {
 	REQUIRE(type <= DST_MAX_KEYSTATES);
 
 	isc_mutex_lock(&key->mdlock);
+	key->modified = key->modified || key->keystateset[type];
 	key->keystateset[type] = false;
 	isc_mutex_unlock(&key->mdlock);
 }
@@ -2704,4 +2728,6 @@ dst_key_copy_metadata(dst_key_t *to, dst_key_t *from) {
 			dst_key_unsetstate(to, i);
 		}
 	}
+
+	dst_key_setmodified(to, dst_key_ismodified(from));
 }
diff --git a/lib/dns/dst_internal.h b/lib/dns/dst_internal.h
index 9a0b3ac905..9f5e8ee3b6 100644
--- a/lib/dns/dst_internal.h
+++ b/lib/dns/dst_internal.h
@@ -122,6 +122,7 @@ struct dst_key {
 	bool inactive; /*%< private key not present as it is
 			* inactive */
 	bool external; /*%< external key */
+	bool modified; /*%< set to true if key file metadata has changed */
 
 	int fmt_major; /*%< private key format, major version
 			* */
diff --git a/lib/dns/include/dst/dst.h b/lib/dns/include/dst/dst.h
index c53a1adccf..8fe32ab15c 100644
--- a/lib/dns/include/dst/dst.h
+++ b/lib/dns/include/dst/dst.h
@@ -1106,6 +1106,26 @@ dst_key_isexternal(dst_key_t *key);
  *	'key' to be valid.
  */
 
+void
+dst_key_setmodified(dst_key_t *key, bool value);
+/*%<
+ * If 'value' is true, this marks the key to indicate that key file metadata
+ * has been modified. If 'value' is false, this resets the value, for example
+ * after you have written the key to file.
+ *
+ * Requires:
+ *	'key' to be valid.
+ */
+
+bool
+dst_key_ismodified(dst_key_t *key);
+/*%<
+ * Check if the key file has been modified.
+ *
+ * Requires:
+ *	'key' to be valid.
+ */
+
 bool
 dst_key_haskasp(dst_key_t *key);
 /*%<
diff --git a/lib/dns/keymgr.c b/lib/dns/keymgr.c
index 660b8cd26f..4d9ccfbd9e 100644
--- a/lib/dns/keymgr.c
+++ b/lib/dns/keymgr.c
@@ -1511,6 +1511,7 @@ transition:
 			/* It is safe to make the transition. */
 			dst_key_setstate(dkey->key, i, next_state);
 			dst_key_settime(dkey->key, keystatetimes[i], now);
+			INSIST(dst_key_ismodified(dkey->key));
 			changed = true;
 		}
 	}
@@ -2179,9 +2180,10 @@ dns_keymgr_run(const dns_name_t *origin, dns_rdataclass_t rdclass,
 	for (dns_dnsseckey_t *dkey = ISC_LIST_HEAD(*keyring); dkey != NULL;
 	     dkey = ISC_LIST_NEXT(dkey, link))
 	{
-		if (!dkey->purge) {
+		if (dst_key_ismodified(dkey->key) && !dkey->purge) {
 			dns_dnssec_get_hints(dkey, now);
 			RETERR(dst_key_tofile(dkey->key, options, directory));
+			dst_key_setmodified(dkey->key, false);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -2201,6 +2203,13 @@ failure:
 		}
 	}
 
+	if (isc_log_wouldlog(dns_lctx, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3))) {
+		char namebuf[DNS_NAME_FORMATSIZE];
+		dns_name_format(origin, namebuf, sizeof(namebuf));
+		isc_log_write(dns_lctx, DNS_LOGCATEGORY_DNSSEC,
+			      DNS_LOGMODULE_DNSSEC, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
+			      "keymgr: %s done", namebuf);
+	}
 	return (result);
 }
 
@@ -2278,6 +2287,9 @@ keymgr_checkds(dns_kasp_t *kasp, dns_dnsseckeylist_t *keyring,
 
 	dns_dnssec_get_hints(ksk_key, now);
 	result = dst_key_tofile(ksk_key->key, options, directory);
+	if (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		dst_key_setmodified(ksk_key->key, false);
+	}
 	isc_dir_close(&dir);
 
 	return (result);
@@ -2578,6 +2590,9 @@ dns_keymgr_rollover(dns_kasp_t *kasp, dns_dnsseckeylist_t *keyring,
 
 	dns_dnssec_get_hints(key, now);
 	result = dst_key_tofile(key->key, options, directory);
+	if (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
+		dst_key_setmodified(key->key, false);
+	}
 	isc_dir_close(&dir);
 
 	return (result);