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Network Working Group R. Austein
Request for Comments: 3197 InterNetShare
Category: Informational November 2001
Applicability Statement for DNS MIB Extensions
Status of this Memo
This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does
not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this
memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2001). All Rights Reserved.
Abstract
This document explains why, after more than six years as proposed
standards, the DNS Server and Resolver MIB extensions were never
deployed, and recommends retiring these MIB extensions by moving them
to Historical status.
1. History
The road to the DNS MIB extensions was paved with good intentions.
In retrospect, it's obvious that the working group never had much
agreement on what belonged in the MIB extensions, just that we should
have some. This happened during the height of the craze for MIB
extensions in virtually every protocol that the IETF was working on
at the time, so the question of why we were doing this in the first
place never got a lot of scrutiny. Very late in the development
cycle we discovered that much of the support for writing the MIB
extensions in the first place had come from people who wanted to use
SNMP SET operations to update DNS zones on the fly. Examination of
the security model involved, however, led us to conclude that this
was not a good way to do dynamic update and that a separate DNS
Dynamic Update protocol would be necessary.
The MIB extensions started out being fairly specific to one
particular DNS implementation (BIND-4.8.3); as work progressed, the
BIND-specific portions were rewritten to be as implementation-neutral
as we knew how to make them, but somehow every revision of the MIB
extensions managed to create new counters that just happened to
closely match statistics kept by some version of BIND. As a result,
the MIB extensions ended up being much too big, which raised a number
Austein Informational [Page 1]
RFC 3197 Applicability Statement - DNS MIB Extensions November 2001
of concerns with the network management directorate, but the WG
resisted every attempt to remove any of these variables. In the end,
large portions of the MIB extensions were moved into optional groups
in an attempt to get the required subset down to a manageable size.
The DNS Server and Resolver MIB extensions were one of the first
attempts to write MIB extensions for a protocol usually considered to
be at the application layer. Fairly early on it became clear that,
while it was certainly possible to write MIB extensions for DNS, the
SMI was not really designed with this sort of thing in mind. A case
in point was the attempt to provide direct indexing into the caches
in the resolver MIB extensions: while arguably the only sane way to
do this for a large cache, this required much more complex indexing
clauses than is usual, and ended up running into known length limits
for object identifiers in some SNMP implementations.
Furthermore, the lack of either real proxy MIB support in SNMP
managers or a standard subagent protocol meant that there was no
reasonable way to implement the MIB extensions in the dominant
implementation (BIND). When the AgentX subagent protocol was
developed a few years later, we initially hoped that this would
finally clear the way for an implementation of the DNS MIB
extensions, but by the time AgentX was a viable protocol it had
become clear that nobody really wanted to implement these MIB
extensions.
Finally, the MIB extensions took much too long to produce. In
retrospect, this should have been a clear warning sign, particularly
when the WG had clearly become so tired of the project that the
authors found it impossible to elicit any comments whatsoever on the
documents.
2. Lessons
Observations based on the preceding list of mistakes, for the benefit
of anyone else who ever attempts to write DNS MIB extensions again:
- Define a clear set of goals before writing any MIB extensions.
Know who the constituency is and make sure that what you write
solves their problem.
- Keep the MIB extensions short, and don't add variables just
because somebody in the WG thinks they'd be a cool thing to
measure.
- If some portion of the task seems to be very hard to do within the
SMI, that's a strong hint that SNMP is not the right tool for
whatever it is that you're trying to do.
Austein Informational [Page 2]
RFC 3197 Applicability Statement - DNS MIB Extensions November 2001
- If the entire project is taking too long, perhaps that's a hint
too.
3. Recommendation
In view of the community's apparent total lack of interest in
deploying these MIB extensions, we recommend that RFCs 1611 and 1612
be reclassified as Historical documents.
4. Security Considerations
Re-classifying an existing MIB document from Proposed Standard to
Historic should not have any negative impact on security for the
Internet.
5. IANA Considerations
Getting rid of the DNS MIB extensions should not impose any new work
on IANA.
6. Acknowledgments
The author would like to thank all the people who were involved in
this project over the years for their optimism and patience,
misguided though it may have been.
7. References
[DNS-SERVER-MIB] Austein, R. and J. Saperia, "DNS Server MIB
Extensions", RFC 1611, May 1994.
[DNS-RESOLVER-MIB] Austein, R. and J. Saperia, "DNS Resolver MIB
Extensions", RFC 1612, May 1994.
[DNS-DYNAMIC-UPDATE] Vixie, P., Thomson, S., Rekhter, Y. and J.
Bound, "Dynamic Updates in the Domain Name
System (DNS UPDATE)", RFC 2136, April 1997.
[AGENTX] Daniele, M., Wijnen, B., Ellison, M., and D.
Francisco, "Agent Extensibility (AgentX)
Protocol Version 1", RFC 2741, January 2000.
Austein Informational [Page 3]
RFC 3197 Applicability Statement - DNS MIB Extensions November 2001
8. Author's Address
Rob Austein
InterNetShare, Incorporated
325M Sharon Park Drive, Suite 308
Menlo Park, CA 94025
USA
EMail: sra@hactrn.net
Austein Informational [Page 4]
RFC 3197 Applicability Statement - DNS MIB Extensions November 2001
9. Full Copyright Statement
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2001). All Rights Reserved.
This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this
document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
English.
The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
"AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Acknowledgement
Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
Internet Society.
Austein Informational [Page 5]

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Network Working Group D. Lawrence
Request for Comments: 3425 Nominum
Updates: 1035 November 2002
Category: Standards Track
Obsoleting IQUERY
Status of this Memo
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002). All Rights Reserved.
Abstract
The IQUERY method of performing inverse DNS lookups, specified in RFC
1035, has not been generally implemented and has usually been
operationally disabled where it has been implemented. Both reflect a
general view in the community that the concept was unwise and that
the widely-used alternate approach of using pointer (PTR) queries and
reverse-mapping records is preferable. Consequently, this document
deprecates the IQUERY operation, declaring it entirely obsolete.
This document updates RFC 1035.
1 - Introduction
As specified in RFC 1035 (section 6.4), the IQUERY operation for DNS
queries is used to look up the name(s) which are associated with the
given value. The value being sought is provided in the query's
answer section and the response fills in the question section with
one or more 3-tuples of type, name and class.
As noted in [RFC1035], section 6.4.3, inverse query processing can
put quite an arduous burden on a server. A server would need to
perform either an exhaustive search of its database or maintain a
separate database that is keyed by the values of the primary
database. Both of these approaches could strain system resource use,
particularly for servers that are authoritative for millions of
names.
Lawrence Standards Track [Page 1]
RFC 3425 Obsoleting IQUERY November 2002
Response packets from these megaservers could be exceptionally large,
and easily run into megabyte sizes. For example, using IQUERY to
find every domain that is delegated to one of the nameservers of a
large ISP could return tens of thousands of 3-tuples in the question
section. This could easily be used to launch denial of service
attacks.
Operators of servers that do support IQUERY in some form (such as
very old BIND 4 servers) generally opt to disable it. This is
largely due to bugs in insufficiently-exercised code, or concerns
about exposure of large blocks of names in their zones by probes such
as inverse MX queries.
IQUERY is also somewhat inherently crippled by being unable to tell a
requester where it needs to go to get the information that was
requested. The answer is very specific to the single server that was
queried. This is sometimes a handy diagnostic tool, but apparently
not enough so that server operators like to enable it, or request
implementation where it is lacking.
No known clients use IQUERY to provide any meaningful service. The
only common reverse mapping support on the Internet, mapping address
records to names, is provided through the use of pointer (PTR)
records in the in-addr.arpa tree and has served the community well
for many years.
Based on all of these factors, this document recommends that the
IQUERY operation for DNS servers be officially obsoleted.
2 - Requirements
The key word "SHOULD" in this document is to be interpreted as
described in BCP 14, RFC 2119, namely that there may exist valid
reasons to ignore a particular item, but the full implications must
be understood and carefully weighed before choosing a different
course.
3 - Effect on RFC 1035
The effect of this document is to change the definition of opcode 1
from that originally defined in section 4.1.1 of RFC 1035, and to
entirely supersede section 6.4 (including subsections) of RFC 1035.
The definition of opcode 1 is hereby changed to:
"1 an inverse query (IQUERY) (obsolete)"
Lawrence Standards Track [Page 2]
RFC 3425 Obsoleting IQUERY November 2002
The text in section 6.4 of RFC 1035 is now considered obsolete. The
following is an applicability statement regarding the IQUERY opcode:
Inverse queries using the IQUERY opcode were originally described as
the ability to look up the names that are associated with a
particular Resource Record (RR). Their implementation was optional
and never achieved widespread use. Therefore IQUERY is now obsolete,
and name servers SHOULD return a "Not Implemented" error when an
IQUERY request is received.
4 - Security Considerations
Since this document obsoletes an operation that was once available,
it is conceivable that someone was using it as the basis of a
security policy. However, since the most logical course for such a
policy to take in the face of a lack of positive response from a
server is to deny authentication/authorization, it is highly unlikely
that removing support for IQUERY will open any new security holes.
Note that if IQUERY is not obsoleted, securing the responses with DNS
Security (DNSSEC) is extremely difficult without out-on-the-fly
digital signing.
5 - IANA Considerations
The IQUERY opcode of 1 should be permanently retired, not to be
assigned to any future opcode.
6 - Acknowledgments
Olafur Gudmundsson instigated this action. Matt Crawford, John
Klensin, Erik Nordmark and Keith Moore contributed some improved
wording in how to handle obsoleting functionality described by an
Internet Standard.
7 - References
[RFC1035] Mockapetris, P., "Domain Names - Implementation and
Specification", STD 13, RFC 1035, November 1987.
[RFC2026] Bradner, S., "The Internet Standards Process -- Revision
3", BCP 9, RFC 2026, October 1996.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key Words for Use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
Lawrence Standards Track [Page 3]
RFC 3425 Obsoleting IQUERY November 2002
8 - Author's Address
David C Lawrence
Nominum, Inc.
2385 Bay Rd
Redwood City CA 94063
USA
Phone: +1.650.779.6042
EMail: tale@nominum.com
Lawrence Standards Track [Page 4]
RFC 3425 Obsoleting IQUERY November 2002
9 - Full Copyright Statement
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002). All Rights Reserved.
This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this
document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
English.
The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
"AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Acknowledgement
Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
Internet Society.
Lawrence Standards Track [Page 5]