diff --git a/CHANGES b/CHANGES
index 1cc24da1a8..a7059ae332 100644
--- a/CHANGES
+++ b/CHANGES
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+6095.	[test]		Test various 'islands of trust' configurations when
+			using managed keys. [GL #3662]
+
 6094.	[bug]		Building against (or running with) libuv versions
 			1.35.0 and 1.36.0 is now a fatal error.  The rules for
 			mixing and matching compile-time and run-time libuv
diff --git a/bin/tests/system/mkeys/clean.sh b/bin/tests/system/mkeys/clean.sh
index 102cb3710f..3f297a22a2 100644
--- a/bin/tests/system/mkeys/clean.sh
+++ b/bin/tests/system/mkeys/clean.sh
@@ -12,17 +12,22 @@
 # information regarding copyright ownership.
 
 rm -f */K* */*.signed */trusted.conf */*.jnl */*.bk
+rm -f */island.conf
+rm -f */private.conf
 rm -f */managed*.conf ns1/managed.key ns1/managed.key.id
 rm -f */managed-keys.bind* */named.secroots
 rm -f */named.conf
-rm -f ns3/broken.conf
 rm -f */named.memstats */named.run */named.run.prev
 rm -f dig.out* delv.out* rndc.out* signer.out*
 rm -f dsset-. ns1/dsset-.
-rm -f ns1/zone.key
 rm -f ns*/managed-keys.bind*
 rm -f ns*/named.lock
+rm -f ns1/dsset-sub.tld.
+rm -f ns1/dsset-tld.
 rm -f ns1/named.secroots ns1/root.db.signed* ns1/root.db.tmp
+rm -f ns1/zone.key
+rm -f ns3/broken.conf
+rm -f ns4/dsset-sub.foo.
 rm -f ns5/named.args
 rm -f ns7/view1.mkeys ns7/view2.mkeys
 rm -rf ns4/nope
diff --git a/bin/tests/system/mkeys/ns1/named1.conf.in b/bin/tests/system/mkeys/ns1/named1.conf.in
index a63b54b4d2..0b3f068a27 100644
--- a/bin/tests/system/mkeys/ns1/named1.conf.in
+++ b/bin/tests/system/mkeys/ns1/named1.conf.in
@@ -47,3 +47,13 @@ zone "." {
 	allow-update { any; };
 	auto-dnssec maintain;
 };
+
+zone "tld" {
+	type primary;
+	file "tld.db.signed";
+};
+
+zone "sub.tld" {
+	type primary;
+	file "sub.tld.db.signed";
+};
diff --git a/bin/tests/system/mkeys/ns1/named2.conf.in b/bin/tests/system/mkeys/ns1/named2.conf.in
index 729251bb32..4271668ea9 100644
--- a/bin/tests/system/mkeys/ns1/named2.conf.in
+++ b/bin/tests/system/mkeys/ns1/named2.conf.in
@@ -45,3 +45,13 @@ zone "." {
 	type primary;
 	file "root.db.signed";
 };
+
+zone "tld" {
+	type primary;
+	file "tld.db.signed";
+};
+
+zone "sub.tld" {
+	type primary;
+	file "sub.tld.db.signed";
+};
diff --git a/bin/tests/system/mkeys/ns1/named3.conf.in b/bin/tests/system/mkeys/ns1/named3.conf.in
index 0f5d11f110..686177edb0 100644
--- a/bin/tests/system/mkeys/ns1/named3.conf.in
+++ b/bin/tests/system/mkeys/ns1/named3.conf.in
@@ -39,3 +39,13 @@ zone "." {
 	type primary;
 	file "root.db.signed";
 };
+
+zone "tld" {
+	type primary;
+	file "tld.db.signed";
+};
+
+zone "sub.tld" {
+	type primary;
+	file "sub.tld.db.signed";
+};
diff --git a/bin/tests/system/mkeys/ns1/root.db b/bin/tests/system/mkeys/ns1/root.db
index ae5c1251c4..bc83788672 100644
--- a/bin/tests/system/mkeys/ns1/root.db
+++ b/bin/tests/system/mkeys/ns1/root.db
@@ -23,3 +23,6 @@ a.root-servers.nil.    A       10.53.0.1
 ; no delegation
 
 example.               TXT     "This is a test."
+
+tld.		       NS      ns.tld.
+ns.tld.		       A       10.53.0.1
diff --git a/bin/tests/system/mkeys/ns1/sign.sh b/bin/tests/system/mkeys/ns1/sign.sh
index 3fb598ce72..626e18f776 100644
--- a/bin/tests/system/mkeys/ns1/sign.sh
+++ b/bin/tests/system/mkeys/ns1/sign.sh
@@ -13,6 +13,24 @@
 
 . ../../conf.sh
 
+zone=sub.tld
+zonefile=sub.tld.db
+
+keyname=$($KEYGEN -a ${DEFAULT_ALGORITHM} -qfk $zone)
+zskkeyname=$($KEYGEN -a ${DEFAULT_ALGORITHM} -q $zone)
+
+$SIGNER -Sg -o $zone $zonefile > /dev/null 2>/dev/null
+keyfile_to_initial_ds $keyname > island.conf
+cp island.conf ../ns5/island.conf
+
+zone=tld
+zonefile=tld.db
+
+keyname=$($KEYGEN -a ${DEFAULT_ALGORITHM} -qfk $zone)
+zskkeyname=$($KEYGEN -a ${DEFAULT_ALGORITHM} -q $zone)
+
+$SIGNER -Sg -o $zone $zonefile > /dev/null 2>/dev/null
+
 zone=.
 zonefile=root.db
 
diff --git a/bin/tests/system/mkeys/ns1/sub.tld.db b/bin/tests/system/mkeys/ns1/sub.tld.db
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..35d436112d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/tests/system/mkeys/ns1/sub.tld.db
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+; Copyright (C) Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
+;
+; SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+;
+; This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+; License, v. 2.0.  If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+; file, you can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+;
+; See the COPYRIGHT file distributed with this work for additional
+; information regarding copyright ownership.
+
+$TTL 20
+sub.tld.               IN SOA  marka.isc.org. ns.sub.tld. (
+                               2000042100      ; serial
+                               600             ; refresh
+                               600             ; retry
+                               1200            ; expire
+                               2               ; minimum
+                               )
+sub.tld.	       NS      ns.sub.tld.
+ns.sub.tld.	       A       10.53.0.1
diff --git a/bin/tests/system/mkeys/ns1/tld.db b/bin/tests/system/mkeys/ns1/tld.db
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5c54e0e9db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/tests/system/mkeys/ns1/tld.db
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+; Copyright (C) Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
+;
+; SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+;
+; This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+; License, v. 2.0.  If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+; file, you can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+;
+; See the COPYRIGHT file distributed with this work for additional
+; information regarding copyright ownership.
+
+$TTL 20
+tld.                   IN SOA  marka.isc.org. ns.tld. (
+                               2000042100      ; serial
+                               600             ; refresh
+                               600             ; retry
+                               1200            ; expire
+                               2               ; minimum
+                               )
+tld.		       NS      ns.tld.
+ns.tld.		       A       10.53.0.1
+sub.tld.	       NS      ns.sub.tld.
+ns.sub.tld.	       A       10.53.0.1
diff --git a/bin/tests/system/mkeys/ns4/named.conf.in b/bin/tests/system/mkeys/ns4/named.conf.in
index fc200ce282..5c2370887b 100644
--- a/bin/tests/system/mkeys/ns4/named.conf.in
+++ b/bin/tests/system/mkeys/ns4/named.conf.in
@@ -41,3 +41,8 @@ zone "." {
 	type hint;
 	file "../../common/root.hint";
 };
+
+zone "sub.foo" {
+	type primary;
+	file "sub.foo.db.signed";
+};
diff --git a/bin/tests/system/mkeys/ns4/sign.sh b/bin/tests/system/mkeys/ns4/sign.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d364e8e363
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/tests/system/mkeys/ns4/sign.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#!/bin/sh -e
+
+# Copyright (C) Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+#
+# This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+# License, v. 2.0.  If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+# file, you can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+#
+# See the COPYRIGHT file distributed with this work for additional
+# information regarding copyright ownership.
+
+. ../../conf.sh
+
+zone=sub.foo
+zonefile=sub.foo.db
+
+keyname=$($KEYGEN -a ${DEFAULT_ALGORITHM} -qfk $zone)
+zskkeyname=$($KEYGEN -a ${DEFAULT_ALGORITHM} -q $zone)
+
+$SIGNER -Sg -o $zone $zonefile > /dev/null 2>/dev/null
+keyfile_to_initial_ds $keyname > private.conf
+cp private.conf ../ns5/private.conf
diff --git a/bin/tests/system/mkeys/ns4/sub.foo.db b/bin/tests/system/mkeys/ns4/sub.foo.db
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7bc31047b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/tests/system/mkeys/ns4/sub.foo.db
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+; Copyright (C) Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
+;
+; SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+;
+; This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+; License, v. 2.0.  If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+; file, you can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+;
+; See the COPYRIGHT file distributed with this work for additional
+; information regarding copyright ownership.
+
+$TTL 20
+sub.foo.               IN SOA  marka.isc.org. ns.foo. (
+                               2000042100      ; serial
+                               600             ; refresh
+                               600             ; retry
+                               1200            ; expire
+                               2               ; minimum
+                               )
+sub.foo.	       NS      ns.sub.foo.
+ns.sub.foo.	       A       10.53.0.4
diff --git a/bin/tests/system/mkeys/ns5/foo.db b/bin/tests/system/mkeys/ns5/foo.db
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..092a1c3b0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/tests/system/mkeys/ns5/foo.db
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+; Copyright (C) Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
+;
+; SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+;
+; This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+; License, v. 2.0.  If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+; file, you can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+;
+; See the COPYRIGHT file distributed with this work for additional
+; information regarding copyright ownership.
+
+$TTL 20
+foo.                   IN SOA  marka.isc.org. ns.foo. (
+                               2000042100      ; serial
+                               600             ; refresh
+                               600             ; retry
+                               1200            ; expire
+                               2               ; minimum
+                               )
+foo.		       NS      ns.foo.
+ns.foo.		       A       10.53.0.5
+sub.foo.	       NS      ns.sub.foo.
+ns.sub.foo.	       A       10.53.0.4
diff --git a/bin/tests/system/mkeys/ns5/named.conf.in b/bin/tests/system/mkeys/ns5/named.conf.in
index 167938c04e..757d61495a 100644
--- a/bin/tests/system/mkeys/ns5/named.conf.in
+++ b/bin/tests/system/mkeys/ns5/named.conf.in
@@ -41,3 +41,11 @@ zone "." {
 	type hint;
 	file "../../common/root.hint";
 };
+
+zone "foo" {
+	type primary;
+	file "foo.db";
+};
+
+include "island.conf";
+include "private.conf";
diff --git a/bin/tests/system/mkeys/setup.sh b/bin/tests/system/mkeys/setup.sh
index 3d4337071b..d1a30a21c9 100644
--- a/bin/tests/system/mkeys/setup.sh
+++ b/bin/tests/system/mkeys/setup.sh
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ copy_setports ns7/named.conf.in ns7/named.conf
 cp ns5/named1.args ns5/named.args
 
 ( cd ns1 && $SHELL sign.sh )
+( cd ns4 && $SHELL sign.sh )
 ( cd ns6 && $SHELL setup.sh )
 
 cp ns2/managed.conf ns2/managed1.conf
diff --git a/bin/tests/system/mkeys/tests.sh b/bin/tests/system/mkeys/tests.sh
index 295034d2ab..062149602c 100644
--- a/bin/tests/system/mkeys/tests.sh
+++ b/bin/tests/system/mkeys/tests.sh
@@ -722,7 +722,9 @@ ret=0
 stop_server --use-rndc --port "${CONTROLPORT}" ns5
 nextpart ns5/named.run > /dev/null
 start_server --noclean --restart --port "${PORT}" ns5
-wait_for_log 20 "Returned from key fetch in keyfetch_done()" ns5/named.run || ret=1
+wait_for_log_peek 20 "Returned from key fetch in keyfetch_done() for '.':" ns5/named.run || ret=1
+wait_for_log_peek 20 "Returned from key fetch in keyfetch_done() for 'sub.tld':" ns5/named.run || ret=1
+wait_for_log_peek 20 "Returned from key fetch in keyfetch_done() for 'sub.foo':" ns5/named.run || ret=1
 # ns5/named.run will contain logs from both the old instance and the new
 # instance.  In order for the test to pass, both must attempt a fetch.
 count=$(grep -c "Creating key fetch" ns5/named.run) || true
@@ -730,6 +732,23 @@ count=$(grep -c "Creating key fetch" ns5/named.run) || true
 if [ $ret != 0 ]; then echo_i "failed"; fi
 status=$((status+ret))
 
+n=$((n+1))
+echo_i "check 'rndc managed-keys' and islands of trust root unreachable ($n)"
+ret=0
+mkeys_sync_on 5
+mkeys_status_on 5 > rndc.out.$n 2>&1 || ret=1
+# there should be three keys listed now
+count=$(grep -c "keyid: " rndc.out.$n) || true
+[ "$count" -eq 3 ] || ret=1
+# three lines indicating trust status
+count=$(grep -c "trust" rndc.out.$n) || true
+[ "$count" -eq 3 ] || ret=1
+# one indicates current trust
+count=$(grep -c "trusted since" rndc.out.$n) || true
+[ "$count" -eq 1 ] || ret=1
+if [ $ret != 0 ]; then echo_i "failed"; fi
+status=$((status+ret))
+
 n=$((n+1))
 echo_i "check key refreshes are resumed after root servers become available ($n)"
 ret=0
@@ -741,7 +760,9 @@ rm -f ns5/managed-keys.bind*
 cp ns5/named2.args ns5/named.args
 nextpart ns5/named.run > /dev/null
 start_server --noclean --restart --port "${PORT}" ns5
-wait_for_log 20 "Returned from key fetch in keyfetch_done() for '.': failure" ns5/named.run || ret=1
+wait_for_log_peek 20 "Returned from key fetch in keyfetch_done() for '.': failure" ns5/named.run || ret=1
+wait_for_log_peek 20 "Returned from key fetch in keyfetch_done() for 'sub.tld': failure" ns5/named.run || ret=1
+wait_for_log_peek 20 "Returned from key fetch in keyfetch_done() for 'sub.foo': success" ns5/named.run || ret=1
 mkeys_secroots_on 5 || ret=1
 grep '; initializing managed' ns5/named.secroots > /dev/null 2>&1 || ret=1
 # ns1 should still REFUSE queries from ns5, so resolving should be impossible
@@ -754,7 +775,9 @@ copy_setports ns1/named3.conf.in ns1/named.conf
 rm -f ns1/root.db.signed.jnl
 nextpart ns5/named.run > /dev/null
 mkeys_reconfig_on 1 || ret=1
-wait_for_log 20 "Returned from key fetch in keyfetch_done() for '.': success" ns5/named.run || ret=1
+wait_for_log_peek 20 "Returned from key fetch in keyfetch_done() for '.': success" ns5/named.run || ret=1
+wait_for_log_peek 20 "Returned from key fetch in keyfetch_done() for 'sub.tld': success" ns5/named.run || ret=1
+wait_for_log_peek 20 "Returned from key fetch in keyfetch_done() for 'sub.foo': success" ns5/named.run || ret=1
 mkeys_secroots_on 5 || ret=1
 grep '; managed' ns5/named.secroots > /dev/null || ret=1
 # ns1 should not longer REFUSE queries from ns5, so managed keys should be
@@ -835,5 +858,22 @@ grep "refreshing managed keys for 'view2'" rndc.out.ns7.view2.test$n > /dev/null
 if [ $ret != 0 ]; then echo_i "failed"; fi
 status=$((status+ret))
 
+n=$((n+1))
+echo_i "check 'rndc managed-keys' and islands of trust now that root is reachable ($n)"
+ret=0
+mkeys_sync_on 5
+mkeys_status_on 5 > rndc.out.$n 2>&1 || ret=1
+# there should be three keys listed now
+count=$(grep -c "keyid: " rndc.out.$n) || true
+[ "$count" -eq 3 ] || ret=1
+# theee lines indicating trust status
+count=$(grep -c "trust" rndc.out.$n) || true
+[ "$count" -eq 3 ] || ret=1
+# three indicates current trust
+count=$(grep -c "trusted since" rndc.out.$n) || true
+[ "$count" -eq 3 ] || ret=1
+if [ $ret != 0 ]; then echo_i "failed"; fi
+status=$((status+ret))
+
 echo_i "exit status: $status"
 [ $status -eq 0 ] || exit 1
diff --git a/lib/dns/zone.c b/lib/dns/zone.c
index 76f6dc4bc3..951bbfd34c 100644
--- a/lib/dns/zone.c
+++ b/lib/dns/zone.c
@@ -10642,6 +10642,11 @@ retry_keyfetch(dns_keyfetch_t *kfetch, dns_name_t *kname) {
 	isc_time_t timenow, timethen;
 	dns_zone_t *zone = kfetch->zone;
 	bool free_needed;
+	char namebuf[DNS_NAME_FORMATSIZE];
+
+	dns_name_format(kname, namebuf, sizeof(namebuf));
+	dnssec_log(zone, ISC_LOG_WARNING,
+		   "Failed to create fetch for %s DNSKEY update", namebuf);
 
 	/*
 	 * Error during a key fetch; cancel and retry in an hour.
@@ -10653,8 +10658,6 @@ retry_keyfetch(dns_keyfetch_t *kfetch, dns_name_t *kname) {
 	dns_rdataset_disassociate(&kfetch->keydataset);
 	dns_name_free(kname, zone->mctx);
 	isc_mem_putanddetach(&kfetch->mctx, kfetch, sizeof(*kfetch));
-	dnssec_log(zone, ISC_LOG_WARNING,
-		   "Failed to create fetch for DNSKEY update");
 
 	if (!DNS_ZONE_FLAG(zone, DNS_ZONEFLG_EXITING)) {
 		/* Don't really retry if we are exiting */