diff --git a/bin/named/config.c b/bin/named/config.c
index 7dd9d9e61a..3e4ceaea53 100644
--- a/bin/named/config.c
+++ b/bin/named/config.c
@@ -185,8 +185,7 @@ options {\n\
 	provide-ixfr true;\n\
 	query-source address *;\n\
 	query-source-v6 address *;\n\
-	qname-minimization no;\n\
-	qname-minimization-strict no;\n\
+	qname-minimization relaxed;\n\
 	recursion true;\n\
 	request-expire true;\n\
 	request-ixfr true;\n\
diff --git a/bin/named/server.c b/bin/named/server.c
index c5dc11cd42..38f9df1a0f 100644
--- a/bin/named/server.c
+++ b/bin/named/server.c
@@ -4642,12 +4642,18 @@ configure_view(dns_view_t *view, dns_viewlist_t *viewlist,
 	obj = NULL;
 	result = named_config_get(maps, "qname-minimization", &obj);
 	INSIST(result == ISC_R_SUCCESS);
-	view->qminimization = cfg_obj_asboolean(obj);
-
-	obj = NULL;
-	result = named_config_get(maps, "qname-minimization-strict", &obj);
-	INSIST(result == ISC_R_SUCCESS);
-	view->qmin_strict = cfg_obj_asboolean(obj);
+	const char * qminmode = cfg_obj_asstring(obj);
+	INSIST(qminmode != NULL);
+	if (!strcmp(qminmode, "strict")) {
+		view->qminimization = ISC_TRUE;
+		view->qmin_strict = ISC_TRUE;
+	} else if (!strcmp(qminmode, "relaxed")) {
+		view->qminimization = ISC_TRUE;
+		view->qmin_strict = ISC_FALSE;
+	} else {
+		view->qminimization = ISC_FALSE;
+		view->qmin_strict = ISC_FALSE;
+	}
 
 	obj = NULL;
 	result = named_config_get(maps, "auth-nxdomain", &obj);
diff --git a/bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/ans2/ans.py b/bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/ans2/ans.py
index 036158e5f6..1f44062d80 100755
--- a/bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/ans2/ans.py
+++ b/bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/ans2/ans.py
@@ -35,7 +35,9 @@ def logquery(type, qname):
 # Respond to a DNS query.
 # For good. it serves:
 # ns2.good. IN A 10.53.0.2
-# icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.good. A 192.0.2.1
+# zoop.boing.good. NS ns3.good.
+# ns3.good. IN A 10.53.0.3
+# too.many.labels.a.b.c.d.e.f.g.h.i.j.k.l.m.n.o.p.q.r.s.t.u.v.w.x.y.z.good. A 192.0.2.2
 # it responds properly (with NODATA empty response) to non-empty terminals
 #
 # For slow. it works the same as for good., but each response is delayed by 400 miliseconds
@@ -111,20 +113,33 @@ def create_response(msg):
         return r
 
     # Good/bad differs only in how we treat non-empty terminals
-    if lqname == "icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing." and rrtype == A:
-        r.answer.append(dns.rrset.from_text(lqname + suffix, 1, IN, A, "192.0.2.1"))
+    if lqname.endswith("zoop.boing."):
+        r.authority.append(dns.rrset.from_text("zoop.boing." + suffix, 1, IN, NS, "ns3." + suffix))
+    elif lqname == "many.labels.a.b.c.d.e.f.g.h.i.j.k.l.m.n.o.p.q.r.s.t.u.v.w.x.y.z." and rrtype == A:
+        r.answer.append(dns.rrset.from_text(lqname + suffix, 1, IN, A, "192.0.2.2"))
     elif lqname == "" and rrtype == NS:
         r.answer.append(dns.rrset.from_text(suffix, 1, IN, NS, "ns2." + suffix))
     elif lqname == "ns2." and rrtype == A:
         r.answer.append(dns.rrset.from_text("ns2."+suffix, 1, IN, A, "10.53.0.2"))
     elif lqname == "ns2." and rrtype == AAAA:
         r.answer.append(dns.rrset.from_text("ns2."+suffix, 1, IN, AAAA, "fd92:7065:b8e:ffff::2"))
+    elif lqname == "ns3." and rrtype == A:
+        r.answer.append(dns.rrset.from_text("ns3."+suffix, 1, IN, A, "10.53.0.3"))
+    elif lqname == "ns3." and rrtype == AAAA:
+        r.answer.append(dns.rrset.from_text("ns3."+suffix, 1, IN, AAAA, "fd92:7065:b8e:ffff::3"))
+    elif lqname == "a.bit.longer.ns.name." and rrtype == A:
+        r.answer.append(dns.rrset.from_text("a.bit.longer.ns.name."+suffix, 1, IN, A, "10.53.0.4"))
+    elif lqname == "a.bit.longer.ns.name." and rrtype == AAAA:
+        r.answer.append(dns.rrset.from_text("a.bit.longer.ns.name."+suffix, 1, IN, AAAA, "fd92:7065:b8e:ffff::4"))
     else:
         r.authority.append(dns.rrset.from_text(suffix, 1, IN, SOA, "ns2." + suffix + " hostmaster.arpa. 2018050100 1 1 1 1"))
-        if bad or not "icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.".endswith(lqname):
+        if bad or not \
+            ("icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.".endswith(lqname) or \
+             "many.labels.a.b.c.d.e.f.g.h.i.j.k.l.m.n.o.p.q.r.s.t.u.v.w.x.y.z.".endswith(lqname) or \
+             "a.bit.longer.ns.name.".endswith(lqname)):
             r.set_rcode(NXDOMAIN)
     if slow:
-        time.sleep(0.4)
+        time.sleep(0.2)
     return r
 
 
diff --git a/bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/ans3/ans.py b/bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/ans3/ans.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..d767403da0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/ans3/ans.py
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+############################################################################
+# Copyright (C) Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
+#
+# This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+# License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+# file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+#
+# See the COPYRIGHT file distributed with this work for additional
+# information regarding copyright ownership.
+############################################################################
+
+from __future__ import print_function
+import os
+import sys
+import signal
+import socket
+import select
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta
+import time
+import functools
+
+import dns, dns.message, dns.query
+from dns.rdatatype import *
+from dns.rdataclass import *
+from dns.rcode import *
+from dns.name import *
+
+
+# Log query to file
+def logquery(type, qname):
+    with open("qlog", "a") as f:
+        f.write("%s %s\n", type, qname)
+
+############################################################################
+# Respond to a DNS query.
+# For good. it serves:
+# zoop.boing.good. NS ns3.good. 
+# icky.ptang.zoop.boing.good. NS a.bit.longer.ns.name.good.
+# it responds properly (with NODATA empty response) to non-empty terminals
+#
+# For slow. it works the same as for good., but each response is delayed by 400 miliseconds
+#
+# For bad. it works the same as for good., but returns NXDOMAIN to non-empty terminals
+############################################################################
+def create_response(msg):
+    m = dns.message.from_wire(msg)
+    qname = m.question[0].name.to_text()
+    lqname = qname.lower()
+    labels = lqname.split('.')
+
+    # get qtype
+    rrtype = m.question[0].rdtype
+    typename = dns.rdatatype.to_text(rrtype)
+    bad = False
+    slow = False
+
+    # log this query
+    with open("query.log", "a") as f:
+        f.write("%s %s\n" % (typename, lqname))
+        print("%s %s" % (typename, lqname), end=" ")
+
+    r = dns.message.make_response(m)
+    r.set_rcode(NOERROR)
+
+    if lqname.endswith("bad."):
+        bad = True
+        suffix = "bad."
+        lqname = lqname[:-4]
+    elif lqname.endswith("good."):
+        suffix = "good."
+        lqname = lqname[:-5]
+    elif lqname.endswith("slow."):
+        slow = True
+        suffix = "slow."
+        lqname = lqname[:-5]
+    else:
+        r.set_rcode(REFUSED)
+        return r
+
+    # Good/bad differs only in how we treat non-empty terminals
+    if lqname == "zoop.boing." and rrtype == NS:
+        r.answer.append(dns.rrset.from_text(lqname + suffix, 1, IN, NS, "ns3."+suffix))
+    elif lqname.endswith("icky.ptang.zoop.boing."):
+        r.authority.append(dns.rrset.from_text("icky.ptang.zoop.boing." + suffix, 1, IN, NS, "a.bit.longer.ns.name." + suffix))
+    elif "icky.ptang.zoop.boing.".endswith(lqname):
+        r.authority.append(dns.rrset.from_text("zoop.boing." + suffix, 1, IN, SOA, "ns3." + suffix + " hostmaster.arpa. 2018050100 1 1 1 1"))
+        if bad:
+            r.set_rcode(NXDOMAIN)
+    elif "zoop.boing.".endswith(lqname):
+        r.authority.append(dns.rrset.from_text("zoop.boing." + suffix, 1, IN, SOA, "ns3." + suffix + " hostmaster.arpa. 2018050100 1 1 1 1"))
+        r.set_rcode(NXDOMAIN)
+    else:
+        r.set_rcode(REFUSED)
+
+    if slow:
+        time.sleep(0.4)
+    return r
+
+
+def sigterm(signum, frame):
+    print ("Shutting down now...")
+    os.remove('ans.pid')
+    running = False
+    sys.exit(0)
+
+############################################################################
+# Main
+#
+# Set up responder and control channel, open the pid file, and start
+# the main loop, listening for queries on the query channel or commands
+# on the control channel and acting on them.
+############################################################################
+ip4 = "10.53.0.3"
+ip6 = "fd92:7065:b8e:ffff::3"
+
+try: port=int(os.environ['PORT'])
+except: port=5300
+
+query4_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
+query4_socket.bind((ip4, port))
+
+havev6 = True
+try:
+    query6_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET6, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
+    try:
+        query6_socket.bind((ip6, port))
+    except:
+        query6_socket.close()
+        havev6 = False
+except:
+    havev6 = False
+
+signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, sigterm)
+
+f = open('ans.pid', 'w')
+pid = os.getpid()
+print (pid, file=f)
+f.close()
+
+running = True
+
+print ("Listening on %s port %d" % (ip4, port))
+if havev6:
+    print ("Listening on %s port %d" % (ip6, port))
+print ("Ctrl-c to quit")
+
+if havev6:
+    input = [query4_socket, query6_socket]
+else:
+    input = [query4_socket]
+
+while running:
+    try:
+        inputready, outputready, exceptready = select.select(input, [], [])
+    except select.error as e:
+        break
+    except socket.error as e:
+        break
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:
+        break
+
+    for s in inputready:
+        if s == query4_socket or s == query6_socket:
+            print ("Query received on %s" %
+                    (ip4 if s == query4_socket else ip6), end=" ")
+            # Handle incoming queries
+            msg = s.recvfrom(65535)
+            rsp = create_response(msg[0])
+            if rsp:
+                print(dns.rcode.to_text(rsp.rcode()))
+                s.sendto(rsp.to_wire(), msg[1])
+            else:
+                print("NO RESPONSE")
+    if not running:
+        break
diff --git a/bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/ans4/ans.py b/bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/ans4/ans.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..aab281a701
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/ans4/ans.py
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+############################################################################
+# Copyright (C) Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
+#
+# This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+# License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+# file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+#
+# See the COPYRIGHT file distributed with this work for additional
+# information regarding copyright ownership.
+############################################################################
+
+from __future__ import print_function
+import os
+import sys
+import signal
+import socket
+import select
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta
+import time
+import functools
+
+import dns, dns.message, dns.query
+from dns.rdatatype import *
+from dns.rdataclass import *
+from dns.rcode import *
+from dns.name import *
+
+
+# Log query to file
+def logquery(type, qname):
+    with open("qlog", "a") as f:
+        f.write("%s %s\n", type, qname)
+
+############################################################################
+# Respond to a DNS query.
+# For good. it serves:
+# icky.ptang.zoop.boing.good. NS a.bit.longer.ns.name.
+# icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.good. A 192.0.2.1
+# more.icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.good. A 192.0.2.2
+# it responds properly (with NODATA empty response) to non-empty terminals
+#
+# For slow. it works the same as for good., but each response is delayed by 400 miliseconds
+#
+# For bad. it works the same as for good., but returns NXDOMAIN to non-empty terminals
+############################################################################
+def create_response(msg):
+    m = dns.message.from_wire(msg)
+    qname = m.question[0].name.to_text()
+    lqname = qname.lower()
+    labels = lqname.split('.')
+
+    # get qtype
+    rrtype = m.question[0].rdtype
+    typename = dns.rdatatype.to_text(rrtype)
+    bad = False
+    slow = False
+
+    # log this query
+    with open("query.log", "a") as f:
+        f.write("%s %s\n" % (typename, lqname))
+        print("%s %s" % (typename, lqname), end=" ")
+
+    r = dns.message.make_response(m)
+    r.set_rcode(NOERROR)
+
+    if lqname.endswith("bad."):
+        bad = True
+        suffix = "bad."
+        lqname = lqname[:-4]
+    elif lqname.endswith("good."):
+        suffix = "good."
+        lqname = lqname[:-5]
+    elif lqname.endswith("slow."):
+        slow = True
+        suffix = "slow."
+        lqname = lqname[:-5]
+    else:
+        r.set_rcode(REFUSED)
+        return r
+
+    # Good/bad differs only in how we treat non-empty terminals
+    if lqname == "icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing." and rrtype == A:
+        r.answer.append(dns.rrset.from_text(lqname + suffix, 1, IN, A, "192.0.2.1"))
+    elif lqname == "more.icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing." and rrtype == A:
+        r.answer.append(dns.rrset.from_text(lqname + suffix, 1, IN, A, "192.0.2.2"))
+    elif lqname == "icky.ptang.zoop.boing." and rrtype == NS:
+        r.answer.append(dns.rrset.from_text(lqname + suffix, 1, IN, NS, "a.bit.longer.ns.name."+suffix))
+    elif lqname.endswith("icky.ptang.zoop.boing."):
+        r.authority.append(dns.rrset.from_text("icky.ptang.zoop.boing." + suffix, 1, IN, SOA, "ns2." + suffix + " hostmaster.arpa. 2018050100 1 1 1 1"))
+        if bad or not "more.icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.".endswith(lqname):
+            r.set_rcode(NXDOMAIN)
+    else:
+        r.set_rcode(REFUSED)
+
+    if slow:
+        time.sleep(0.4)
+    return r
+
+
+def sigterm(signum, frame):
+    print ("Shutting down now...")
+    os.remove('ans.pid')
+    running = False
+    sys.exit(0)
+
+############################################################################
+# Main
+#
+# Set up responder and control channel, open the pid file, and start
+# the main loop, listening for queries on the query channel or commands
+# on the control channel and acting on them.
+############################################################################
+ip4 = "10.53.0.4"
+ip6 = "fd92:7065:b8e:ffff::4"
+
+try: port=int(os.environ['PORT'])
+except: port=5300
+
+query4_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
+query4_socket.bind((ip4, port))
+
+havev6 = True
+try:
+    query6_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET6, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
+    try:
+        query6_socket.bind((ip6, port))
+    except:
+        query6_socket.close()
+        havev6 = False
+except:
+    havev6 = False
+
+signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, sigterm)
+
+f = open('ans.pid', 'w')
+pid = os.getpid()
+print (pid, file=f)
+f.close()
+
+running = True
+
+print ("Listening on %s port %d" % (ip4, port))
+if havev6:
+    print ("Listening on %s port %d" % (ip6, port))
+print ("Ctrl-c to quit")
+
+if havev6:
+    input = [query4_socket, query6_socket]
+else:
+    input = [query4_socket]
+
+while running:
+    try:
+        inputready, outputready, exceptready = select.select(input, [], [])
+    except select.error as e:
+        break
+    except socket.error as e:
+        break
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:
+        break
+
+    for s in inputready:
+        if s == query4_socket or s == query6_socket:
+            print ("Query received on %s" %
+                    (ip4 if s == query4_socket else ip6), end=" ")
+            # Handle incoming queries
+            msg = s.recvfrom(65535)
+            rsp = create_response(msg[0])
+            if rsp:
+                print(dns.rcode.to_text(rsp.rcode()))
+                s.sendto(rsp.to_wire(), msg[1])
+            else:
+                print("NO RESPONSE")
+    if not running:
+        break
diff --git a/bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/clean.sh b/bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/clean.sh
index eaff4210bb..bd5af224a5 100644
--- a/bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/clean.sh
+++ b/bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/clean.sh
@@ -14,4 +14,4 @@ rm -f */named.memstats
 rm -f */named.run
 rm -f dig.out.*
 rm -f ns*/named.lock
-rm -f ans2/query.log
+rm -f ans*/query.log
diff --git a/bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/ns5/named.conf.in b/bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/ns5/named.conf.in
index f570b88835..4d045a58ad 100644
--- a/bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/ns5/named.conf.in
+++ b/bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/ns5/named.conf.in
@@ -20,8 +20,7 @@ options {
 	listen-on { 10.53.0.5; };
 	listen-on-v6 { none; };
 	recursion yes;
-	qname-minimization yes;
-	qname-minimization-strict no;
+	qname-minimization disabled;
 	querylog yes;
 	resolver-query-timeout 30;
 };
diff --git a/bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/ns3/named.conf.in b/bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/ns6/named.conf.in
similarity index 73%
rename from bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/ns3/named.conf.in
rename to bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/ns6/named.conf.in
index 2a6dce9c13..661549b407 100644
--- a/bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/ns3/named.conf.in
+++ b/bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/ns6/named.conf.in
@@ -9,19 +9,18 @@
  * information regarding copyright ownership.
  */
 
-// NS3
+// NS6
 
 options {
-	query-source address 10.53.0.3;
-	notify-source 10.53.0.3;
-	transfer-source 10.53.0.3;
+	query-source address 10.53.0.6;
+	notify-source 10.53.0.6;
+	transfer-source 10.53.0.6;
 	port @PORT@;
 	pid-file "named.pid";
-	listen-on { 10.53.0.3; };
+	listen-on { 10.53.0.6; };
 	listen-on-v6 { none; };
 	recursion yes;
-	qname-minimization no;
-	qname-minimization-strict no;
+	qname-minimization strict;
 	querylog yes;
 	resolver-query-timeout 30;
 };
@@ -32,7 +31,7 @@ key rndc_key {
 };
 
 controls {
-	inet 10.53.0.3 port @CONTROLPORT@ allow { any; } keys { rndc_key; };
+	inet 10.53.0.6 port @CONTROLPORT@ allow { any; } keys { rndc_key; };
 };
 
 zone "." {
diff --git a/bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/ns4/named.conf.in b/bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/ns7/named.conf.in
similarity index 73%
rename from bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/ns4/named.conf.in
rename to bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/ns7/named.conf.in
index 403fc0fd15..48def89b25 100644
--- a/bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/ns4/named.conf.in
+++ b/bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/ns7/named.conf.in
@@ -9,19 +9,18 @@
  * information regarding copyright ownership.
  */
 
-// NS4
+// NS7
 
 options {
-	query-source address 10.53.0.4;
-	notify-source 10.53.0.4;
-	transfer-source 10.53.0.4;
+	query-source address 10.53.0.7;
+	notify-source 10.53.0.7;
+	transfer-source 10.53.0.7;
 	port @PORT@;
 	pid-file "named.pid";
-	listen-on { 10.53.0.4; };
+	listen-on { 10.53.0.7; };
 	listen-on-v6 { none; };
 	recursion yes;
-	qname-minimization yes;
-	qname-minimization-strict yes;
+	qname-minimization relaxed;
 	querylog yes;
 	resolver-query-timeout 30;
 };
@@ -32,7 +31,7 @@ key rndc_key {
 };
 
 controls {
-	inet 10.53.0.4 port @CONTROLPORT@ allow { any; } keys { rndc_key; };
+	inet 10.53.0.7 port @CONTROLPORT@ allow { any; } keys { rndc_key; };
 };
 
 zone "." {
diff --git a/bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/setup.sh b/bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/setup.sh
index 0294ed7487..e9c67c7cb9 100644
--- a/bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/setup.sh
+++ b/bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/setup.sh
@@ -15,6 +15,6 @@ SYSTEMTESTTOP=..
 $SHELL clean.sh
 
 copy_setports ns1/named.conf.in ns1/named.conf
-copy_setports ns3/named.conf.in ns3/named.conf
-copy_setports ns4/named.conf.in ns4/named.conf
 copy_setports ns5/named.conf.in ns5/named.conf
+copy_setports ns6/named.conf.in ns6/named.conf
+copy_setports ns7/named.conf.in ns7/named.conf
diff --git a/bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/tests.sh b/bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/tests.sh
index 84ab0a4834..bd06cdd123 100755
--- a/bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/tests.sh
+++ b/bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/tests.sh
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ SYSTEMTESTTOP=..
 
 DIGOPTS="-p ${PORT}"
 RNDCCMD="$RNDC -c $SYSTEMTESTTOP/common/rndc.conf -p ${CONTROLPORT} -s"
-CLEANQL="rm -f ans2/query.log"
+CLEANQL="rm -f ans*/query.log"
 status=0
 n=0
 
@@ -22,10 +22,19 @@ n=`expr $n + 1`
 echo_i "query for .good is not minimized when qname-minimization is off ($n)"
 ret=0
 $CLEANQL
-$RNDCCMD 10.53.0.3 flush
-$DIG $DIGOPTS icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.good. @10.53.0.3 > dig.out.test$n
+$RNDCCMD 10.53.0.5 flush
+$DIG $DIGOPTS icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.good. @10.53.0.5 > dig.out.test$n
 grep "status: NOERROR" dig.out.test$n > /dev/null || ret=1
-echo "A icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.good." | diff ans2/query.log - > /dev/null || ret=1
+grep "icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.good. 1	IN A	192.0.2.1" dig.out.test$n > /dev/null || ret=1
+cat << __EOF | diff ans2/query.log - > /dev/null || ret=1
+A icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.good.
+A ns3.good.
+AAAA ns3.good.
+A a.bit.longer.ns.name.good.
+AAAA a.bit.longer.ns.name.good.
+__EOF
+echo "A icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.good." | diff ans3/query.log - > /dev/null || ret=1
+echo "A icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.good." | diff ans4/query.log - > /dev/null || ret=1
 if [ $ret != 0 ]; then echo_i "failed"; fi
 status=`expr $status + $ret`
 
@@ -33,10 +42,19 @@ n=`expr $n + 1`
 echo_i "query for .bad is not minimized when qname-minimization is off ($n)"
 ret=0
 $CLEANQL
-$RNDCCMD 10.53.0.3 flush
-$DIG $DIGOPTS icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.bad. @10.53.0.3 > dig.out.test$n
+$RNDCCMD 10.53.0.5 flush
+$DIG $DIGOPTS icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.bad. @10.53.0.5 > dig.out.test$n
 grep "status: NOERROR" dig.out.test$n > /dev/null || ret=1
-echo "A icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.bad." | diff ans2/query.log - > /dev/null || ret=1
+grep "icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.bad. 1 IN A	192.0.2.1" dig.out.test$n > /dev/null || ret=1
+cat << __EOF | diff ans2/query.log - > /dev/null || ret=1
+A icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.bad.
+A ns3.bad.
+AAAA ns3.bad.
+A a.bit.longer.ns.name.bad.
+AAAA a.bit.longer.ns.name.bad.
+__EOF
+echo "A icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.bad." | diff ans3/query.log - > /dev/null || ret=1
+echo "A icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.bad." | diff ans4/query.log - > /dev/null || ret=1
 if [ $ret != 0 ]; then echo_i "failed"; fi
 status=`expr $status + $ret`
 
@@ -44,10 +62,20 @@ n=`expr $n + 1`
 echo_i "query for .slow is not minimized when qname-minimization is off ($n)"
 ret=0
 $CLEANQL
-$RNDCCMD 10.53.0.3 flush
-$DIG $DIGOPTS icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.slow. @10.53.0.3 > dig.out.test$n
+$RNDCCMD 10.53.0.5 flush
+$DIG $DIGOPTS icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.slow. @10.53.0.5 > dig.out.test$n
+sleep 5
 grep "status: NOERROR" dig.out.test$n > /dev/null || ret=1
-echo "A icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.slow." | diff ans2/query.log - > /dev/null || ret=1
+grep "icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.slow. 1	IN A	192.0.2.1" dig.out.test$n > /dev/null || ret=1
+cat << __EOF | diff ans2/query.log - > /dev/null || ret=1
+A icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.slow.
+A ns3.slow.
+AAAA ns3.slow.
+A a.bit.longer.ns.name.slow.
+AAAA a.bit.longer.ns.name.slow.
+__EOF
+echo "A icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.slow." | diff ans3/query.log - > /dev/null || ret=1
+echo "A icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.slow." | diff ans4/query.log - > /dev/null || ret=1
 if [ $ret != 0 ]; then echo_i "failed"; fi
 status=`expr $status + $ret`
 
@@ -55,14 +83,35 @@ n=`expr $n + 1`
 echo_i "query for .good is properly minimized when qname-minimization is on ($n)"
 ret=0
 $CLEANQL
-$RNDCCMD 10.53.0.4 flush
-$DIG $DIGOPTS icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.good. @10.53.0.4 > dig.out.test$n
+$RNDCCMD 10.53.0.6 flush
+$DIG $DIGOPTS icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.good. @10.53.0.6 > dig.out.test$n
 grep "status: NOERROR" dig.out.test$n > /dev/null || ret=1
+grep "icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.good. 1	IN A	192.0.2.1" dig.out.test$n > /dev/null || ret=1
+# Duplicated NS queries are there because we're not creating
+# a separate fetch when doing qname minimization - so two
+# queries running for the same name but different RRTYPE 
+# (A and AAAA in this case) will create separate queries
+# for NSes on the way. Those will be cached though, so it
+# should not be a problem
 cat << __EOF | diff ans2/query.log - > /dev/null || ret=1
 NS boing.good.
 NS zoop.boing.good.
+A ns3.good.
+AAAA ns3.good.
+NS name.good.
+NS name.good.
+NS ns.name.good.
+NS ns.name.good.
+NS longer.ns.name.good.
+NS longer.ns.name.good.
+A a.bit.longer.ns.name.good.
+AAAA a.bit.longer.ns.name.good.
+__EOF
+cat << __EOF | diff ans3/query.log - > /dev/null || ret=1
 NS ptang.zoop.boing.good.
 NS icky.ptang.zoop.boing.good.
+__EOF
+cat << __EOF | diff ans4/query.log - > /dev/null || ret=1
 NS icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.good.
 A icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.good.
 __EOF
@@ -70,31 +119,36 @@ if [ $ret != 0 ]; then echo_i "failed"; fi
 status=`expr $status + $ret`
 
 n=`expr $n + 1`
-echo_i "query for .bad fails when qname-minimization is on and in strict mode ($n)"
+echo_i "query for .bad fails when qname-minimization is in strict mode ($n)"
 ret=0
 $CLEANQL
-$RNDCCMD 10.53.0.4 flush
-$DIG $DIGOPTS icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.bad. @10.53.0.4 > dig.out.test$n
+$RNDCCMD 10.53.0.6 flush
+$DIG $DIGOPTS icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.bad. @10.53.0.6 > dig.out.test$n
 grep "status: NXDOMAIN" dig.out.test$n > /dev/null || ret=1
 echo "NS boing.bad." | diff ans2/query.log - > /dev/null || ret=1
 if [ $ret != 0 ]; then echo_i "failed"; fi
 status=`expr $status + $ret`
 
 n=`expr $n + 1`
-echo_i "query for .bad succeds when qname-minimization is on and not in strict mode ($n)"
+echo_i "query for .bad succeds when qname-minimization is in relaxed mode ($n)"
 ret=0
 $CLEANQL
-$RNDCCMD 10.53.0.5 flush
-$DIG $DIGOPTS icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.bad. @10.53.0.5 > dig.out.test$n
+$RNDCCMD 10.53.0.7 flush
+$DIG $DIGOPTS icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.bad. @10.53.0.7 > dig.out.test$n
 grep "status: NOERROR" dig.out.test$n > /dev/null || ret=1
+grep "icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.bad. 1 IN A	192.0.2.1" dig.out.test$n > /dev/null || ret=1
 cat << __EOF | diff ans2/query.log - > /dev/null || ret=1
 NS boing.bad.
-NS zoop.boing.bad.
-NS ptang.zoop.boing.bad.
-NS icky.ptang.zoop.boing.bad.
-NS icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.bad.
 A icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.bad.
+A ns3.bad.
+AAAA ns3.bad.
+NS name.bad.
+NS name.bad.
+A a.bit.longer.ns.name.bad.
+AAAA a.bit.longer.ns.name.bad.
 __EOF
+echo "A icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.bad." | diff ans3/query.log - > /dev/null || ret=1
+echo "A icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.bad." | diff ans4/query.log - > /dev/null || ret=1
 if [ $ret != 0 ]; then echo_i "failed"; fi
 status=`expr $status + $ret`
 
@@ -102,14 +156,30 @@ n=`expr $n + 1`
 echo_i "query for .slow is properly minimized when qname-minimization is on ($n)"
 ret=0
 $CLEANQL
-$RNDCCMD 10.53.0.4 flush
-$DIG $DIGOPTS icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.slow. @10.53.0.4 > dig.out.test$n
+$RNDCCMD 10.53.0.6 flush
+$DIG $DIGOPTS icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.slow. @10.53.0.6 > dig.out.test$n
+sleep 5
 grep "status: NOERROR" dig.out.test$n > /dev/null || ret=1
+grep "icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.slow. 1	IN A	192.0.2.1" dig.out.test$n > /dev/null || ret=1
 cat << __EOF | diff ans2/query.log - > /dev/null || ret=1
 NS boing.slow.
 NS zoop.boing.slow.
+A ns3.slow.
+AAAA ns3.slow.
+NS name.slow.
+NS name.slow.
+NS ns.name.slow.
+NS ns.name.slow.
+NS longer.ns.name.slow.
+NS longer.ns.name.slow.
+A a.bit.longer.ns.name.slow.
+AAAA a.bit.longer.ns.name.slow.
+__EOF
+cat << __EOF | diff ans3/query.log - > /dev/null || ret=1
 NS ptang.zoop.boing.slow.
 NS icky.ptang.zoop.boing.slow.
+__EOF
+cat << __EOF | diff ans4/query.log - > /dev/null || ret=1
 NS icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.slow.
 A icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.slow.
 __EOF
@@ -117,12 +187,13 @@ if [ $ret != 0 ]; then echo_i "failed"; fi
 status=`expr $status + $ret`
 
 n=`expr $n + 1`
-echo_i "query for .ip6.arpa succeds and skips on boundaries when qname-minimization is on ($n)"
+echo_i "query for .ip6.arpa succeds and skips on proper boundaries when qname-minimization is on ($n)"
 ret=0
 $CLEANQL
-$RNDCCMD 10.53.0.4 flush
-$DIG $DIGOPTS -x 2001:4f8::1 @10.53.0.4 > dig.out.test$n
+$RNDCCMD 10.53.0.6 flush
+$DIG $DIGOPTS -x 2001:4f8::1 @10.53.0.6 > dig.out.test$n
 grep "status: NOERROR" dig.out.test$n > /dev/null || ret=1
+grep "1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.8.f.4.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.arpa. 1 IN PTR nee.com." dig.out.test$n > /dev/null || ret=1
 cat << __EOF | diff ans2/query.log - > /dev/null || ret=1
 NS 1.0.0.2.ip6.arpa.
 NS 8.f.4.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.arpa.
@@ -134,5 +205,57 @@ __EOF
 if [ $ret != 0 ]; then echo_i "failed"; fi
 status=`expr $status + $ret`
 
+n=`expr $n + 1`
+echo_i "query for multiple label name skips after 3rd no-delegation response ($n)"
+ret=0
+$CLEANQL
+$RNDCCMD 10.53.0.6 flush
+$DIG $DIGOPTS many.labels.a.b.c.d.e.f.g.h.i.j.k.l.m.n.o.p.q.r.s.t.u.v.w.x.y.z.good. @10.53.0.6 > dig.out.test$n
+grep "status: NOERROR" dig.out.test$n > /dev/null || ret=1
+grep "many.labels.a.b.c.d.e.f.g.h.i.j.k.l.m.n.o.p.q.r.s.t.u.v.w.x.y.z.good. 1	IN A 192.0.2.2" dig.out.test$n > /dev/null || ret=1
+# We skipped after third no-delegation.
+cat << __EOF | diff ans2/query.log - > /dev/null || ret=1
+NS z.good.
+NS y.z.good.
+NS x.y.z.good.
+A many.labels.a.b.c.d.e.f.g.h.i.j.k.l.m.n.o.p.q.r.s.t.u.v.w.x.y.z.good.
+__EOF
+if [ $ret != 0 ]; then echo_i "failed"; fi
+status=`expr $status + $ret`
+
+n=`expr $n + 1`
+echo_i "query for multiple label name skips after 7th label ($n)"
+ret=0
+$CLEANQL
+$RNDCCMD 10.53.0.6 flush
+$DIG $DIGOPTS more.icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.good. @10.53.0.6 > dig.out.test$n
+grep "status: NOERROR" dig.out.test$n > /dev/null || ret=1
+grep "more.icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.good. 1 IN	A 192.0.2.2" dig.out.test$n > /dev/null || ret=1
+cat << __EOF | diff ans2/query.log - > /dev/null || ret=1
+NS boing.good.
+NS zoop.boing.good.
+A ns3.good.
+AAAA ns3.good.
+NS name.good.
+NS name.good.
+NS ns.name.good.
+NS ns.name.good.
+NS longer.ns.name.good.
+NS longer.ns.name.good.
+A a.bit.longer.ns.name.good.
+AAAA a.bit.longer.ns.name.good.
+__EOF
+cat << __EOF | diff ans3/query.log - > /dev/null || ret=1
+NS ptang.zoop.boing.good.
+NS icky.ptang.zoop.boing.good.
+__EOF
+# There's no NS icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.good. query - we skipped it.
+cat << __EOF | diff ans4/query.log - > /dev/null || ret=1
+NS icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.good.
+A more.icky.icky.icky.ptang.zoop.boing.good.
+__EOF
+if [ $ret != 0 ]; then echo_i "failed"; fi
+status=`expr $status + $ret`
+
 echo_i "exit status: $status"
 [ $status -eq 0 ] || exit 1
diff --git a/lib/dns/adb.c b/lib/dns/adb.c
index 044c9a9092..c163053db5 100644
--- a/lib/dns/adb.c
+++ b/lib/dns/adb.c
@@ -4029,6 +4029,14 @@ fetch_name(dns_adbname_t *adbname, isc_boolean_t start_at_zone,
 		nameservers = &rdataset;
 		options |= DNS_FETCHOPT_UNSHARED;
 	}
+	
+	if (adb->view->qminimization) {
+		options |= DNS_FETCHOPT_QMINIMIZE;
+		options |= DNS_FETCHOPT_QMIN_SKIP_ON_IP6A;
+		if (adb->view->qmin_strict) {
+			options |= DNS_FETCHOPT_QMIN_STRICT;
+		}
+	}
 
 	fetch = new_adbfetch(adb);
 	if (fetch == NULL) {
diff --git a/lib/dns/include/dns/resolver.h b/lib/dns/include/dns/resolver.h
index fbd90a6689..4be589fceb 100644
--- a/lib/dns/include/dns/resolver.h
+++ b/lib/dns/include/dns/resolver.h
@@ -141,6 +141,10 @@ typedef enum {
 #define DNS_RESOLVER_CHECKNAMES		0x01
 #define DNS_RESOLVER_CHECKNAMESFAIL	0x02
 
+#define DNS_QMIN_MAXLABELS		7
+#define DNS_QMIN_MAX_NO_DELEGATION	3
+#define DNS_MAX_LABELS			127
+
 isc_result_t
 dns_resolver_create(dns_view_t *view,
 		    isc_taskmgr_t *taskmgr,
diff --git a/lib/dns/resolver.c b/lib/dns/resolver.c
index 1898021672..312d8efa16 100644
--- a/lib/dns/resolver.c
+++ b/lib/dns/resolver.c
@@ -265,6 +265,7 @@ struct fetchctx {
 	unsigned int			dbucketnum;
 	char *				info;
 	isc_mem_t *			mctx;
+	isc_stdtime_t			now;
 
 	/*% Locked by appropriate bucket lock. */
 	fetchstate			state;
@@ -689,7 +690,7 @@ typedef struct respctx {
 	isc_boolean_t ns_in_answer; 	/* NS may be in the answer section */
 	isc_boolean_t negative;		/* is this a negative response? */
 
-	isc_stdtime_t now; 		/* time info */
+	isc_stdtime_t now;              /* time info */
 	isc_time_t tnow;
 	isc_time_t *finish;
 
@@ -2542,8 +2543,8 @@ resquery_send(resquery_t *query) {
 	fctx->timeout = ISC_FALSE;
 
 	/*
-	 * Use EDNS0, unless the caller doesn't want it, or we know that
-	 * the remote server doesn't like it.
+	 * Use EDNS0, unless the caller doesn't want it, or we know that the
+	 * remote server doesn't like it.
 	 */
 	if ((query->options & DNS_FETCHOPT_NOEDNS0) == 0) {
 		if ((query->addrinfo->flags & DNS_FETCHOPT_NOEDNS0) == 0) {
@@ -4437,7 +4438,7 @@ fctx_join(fetchctx_t *fctx, isc_task_t *task, const isc_sockaddr_t *client,
 		return (ISC_R_NOMEMORY);
 	}
 	event->result = DNS_R_SERVFAIL;
-	event->qtype = fctx->type;
+	event->qtype = fctx->fulltype;
 	event->db = NULL;
 	event->node = NULL;
 	event->rdataset = rdataset;
@@ -4559,6 +4560,7 @@ fctx_create(dns_resolver_t *res, const dns_name_t *name, dns_rdatatype_t type,
 	fctx->minimized = isc_boolean_false;
 	fctx->ip6arpaskip = isc_boolean_false;
 	fctx->qmin_labels = 1;
+	isc_stdtime_get(&fctx->now);
 	ISC_LIST_INIT(fctx->queries);
 	ISC_LIST_INIT(fctx->finds);
 	ISC_LIST_INIT(fctx->altfinds);
@@ -7423,7 +7425,6 @@ rctx_respinit(isc_task_t *task, dns_dispatchevent_t *devent,
 	TIME_NOW(&rctx->tnow);
 	rctx->finish = &rctx->tnow;
 	isc_stdtime_get(&rctx->now);
-
 }
 
 /*
@@ -8497,7 +8498,20 @@ rctx_answer_none(respctx_t *rctx) {
 		} else {
 			log_formerr(fctx, "invalid response");
 		}
-
+		/*
+		 * If we're minimizing in relaxed mode, retry with full name,
+		 * just to be safe. The error will be logged.
+		 */
+		isc_log_write(dns_lctx, DNS_LOGCATEGORY_RESOLVER, DNS_LOGMODULE_RESOLVER, ISC_LOG_INFO, "XXX %d %d", fctx->minimized, fctx->options & DNS_FETCHOPT_QMIN_STRICT);
+		if (fctx->minimized &&
+		    !(fctx->options & DNS_FETCHOPT_QMIN_STRICT)) {
+			isc_log_write(dns_lctx, DNS_LOGCATEGORY_RESOLVER,
+				      DNS_LOGMODULE_RESOLVER, ISC_LOG_INFO,
+				      "disabling qname minimization for '%s'"
+				      " due to formerr", fctx->info);
+		        fctx->qmin_labels = DNS_MAX_LABELS+1;
+			return rctx_answer_minimized(rctx);
+		}
 		return (DNS_R_FORMERR);
 	}
 
@@ -8523,12 +8537,17 @@ rctx_answer_none(respctx_t *rctx) {
 	 * If we're doing qname minimization this is an empty non-terminal, add
 	 * the next label to query and restart it.
 	 */
-	if (fctx->minimized &&
-	    (fctx->rmessage->rcode == dns_rcode_noerror ||
-	     !(fctx->options & DNS_FETCHOPT_QMIN_STRICT))) {
+	if (fctx->minimized && fctx->rmessage->rcode == dns_rcode_noerror) {
+		return rctx_answer_minimized(rctx);
+	}
+	/*
+	 * Workaround for broken servers in relaxed mode - if we hit an
+	 * NXDOMAIN we go straight to the full query.
+	 */
+	if (fctx->minimized && !(fctx->options & DNS_FETCHOPT_QMIN_STRICT)) {
+	        fctx->qmin_labels = DNS_MAX_LABELS+1;
 		return rctx_answer_minimized(rctx);
 	}
-
 	/*
 	 * Since we're not doing a referral, we don't want to cache any
 	 * NS RRs we may have found.
@@ -9079,7 +9098,7 @@ rctx_nextserver(respctx_t *rctx, dns_adbaddrinfo_t *addrinfo,
 		}
 		result = dns_view_findzonecut(fctx->res->view,
 					      name, fname,
-					      rctx->now, findoptions,
+					      fctx->now, findoptions,
 					      ISC_TRUE, ISC_TRUE,
 					      &fctx->nameservers,
 					      NULL);
@@ -10283,6 +10302,10 @@ fctx_minimize_qname(fetchctx_t *fctx) {
 		} else if (dlabels + fctx->qmin_labels > 19) {
 			fctx->qmin_labels = 35 - dlabels;
 		}
+	} else if (dlabels + fctx->qmin_labels > DNS_QMIN_MAXLABELS) {
+			fctx->qmin_labels = DNS_MAX_LABELS + 1;
+	} else if (fctx->qmin_labels > DNS_QMIN_MAX_NO_DELEGATION) {
+			fctx->qmin_labels = DNS_MAX_LABELS + 1;
 	}
 	if (dlabels + fctx->qmin_labels < nlabels) {
 		/*
diff --git a/lib/isccfg/namedconf.c b/lib/isccfg/namedconf.c
index 2ac7146794..8c0b68e52a 100644
--- a/lib/isccfg/namedconf.c
+++ b/lib/isccfg/namedconf.c
@@ -130,6 +130,7 @@ static cfg_type_t cfg_type_optional_uint32;
 static cfg_type_t cfg_type_options;
 static cfg_type_t cfg_type_portiplist;
 static cfg_type_t cfg_type_printtime;
+static cfg_type_t cfg_type_qminmethod;
 static cfg_type_t cfg_type_querysource4;
 static cfg_type_t cfg_type_querysource6;
 static cfg_type_t cfg_type_querysource;
@@ -1937,8 +1938,7 @@ view_clauses[] = {
 	{ "preferred-glue", &cfg_type_astring, 0 },
 	{ "prefetch", &cfg_type_prefetch, 0 },
 	{ "provide-ixfr", &cfg_type_boolean, 0 },
-	{ "qname-minimization", &cfg_type_boolean, 0 },
-	{ "qname-minimization-strict", &cfg_type_boolean, 0 },
+	{ "qname-minimization", &cfg_type_qminmethod, 0 },
 	/*
 	 * Note that the query-source option syntax is different
 	 * from the other -source options.
@@ -2951,6 +2951,15 @@ static cfg_type_t cfg_type_optional_keyref = {
 	doc_optional_keyvalue, &cfg_rep_string, &key_kw
 };
 
+static const char *qminmethod_enums[] = {
+	"strict", "relaxed", "disabled", NULL
+};
+
+static cfg_type_t cfg_type_qminmethod = {
+	"qminmethod", cfg_parse_enum, cfg_print_ustring, cfg_doc_enum,
+	&cfg_rep_string, qminmethod_enums
+};
+
 #ifdef HAVE_GEOIP
 /*
  * "geoip" ACL element:
diff --git a/util/copyrights b/util/copyrights
index 2e1f6ba4d5..ddeb8eafa2 100644
--- a/util/copyrights
+++ b/util/copyrights
@@ -1730,12 +1730,14 @@
 ./bin/tests/system/pkcs11ssl/tests.sh		SH	2014,2016,2018
 ./bin/tests/system/pkcs11ssl/usepkcs11		X	2014,2018
 ./bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/ans2/ans.py	PYTHON	2018
+./bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/ans3/ans.py	PYTHON	2018
+./bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/ans4/ans.py	PYTHON	2018
 ./bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/clean.sh	SH	2018
 ./bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/ns1/named.conf.in	CONF-C	2018
 ./bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/ns1/root.db	ZONE	2018
-./bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/ns3/named.conf.in	CONF-C	2018
-./bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/ns4/named.conf.in	CONF-C	2018
 ./bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/ns5/named.conf.in	CONF-C	2018
+./bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/ns6/named.conf.in	CONF-C	2018
+./bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/ns7/named.conf.in	CONF-C	2018
 ./bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/setup.sh	SH	2018
 ./bin/tests/system/qname-minimization/tests.sh	SH	2018
 ./bin/tests/system/reclimit/README		TXT.BRIEF	2014,2016,2017,2018