kea/src/lib/cc/data.cc

// Copyright (C) 2010  Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
//
// Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
// purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
// copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
// REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
// AND FITNESS.  IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
// INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
// LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
// OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
// PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

// $Id$

#include "config.h"

#include "data.h"

#include <cassert>
#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>

#include <boost/algorithm/string.hpp> // for iequals

#include <cmath>

using namespace std;

namespace {
const unsigned char PROTOCOL_VERSION[4] = { 0x53, 0x6b, 0x61, 0x6e };

const unsigned char ITEM_BLOB = 0x01;
const unsigned char ITEM_HASH = 0x02;
const unsigned char ITEM_LIST = 0x03;
const unsigned char ITEM_NULL = 0x04;
const unsigned char ITEM_BOOL = 0x05;
const unsigned char ITEM_INT  = 0x06;
const unsigned char ITEM_REAL = 0x07;
const unsigned char ITEM_UTF8 = 0x08;
const unsigned char ITEM_MASK = 0x0f;

const unsigned char ITEM_LENGTH_32   = 0x00;
const unsigned char ITEM_LENGTH_16   = 0x10;
const unsigned char ITEM_LENGTH_8    = 0x20;
const unsigned char ITEM_LENGTH_MASK = 0x30;
}

namespace isc {
namespace data {

std::string
Element::str()
{
    std::stringstream ss;
    toJSON(ss);
    return ss.str();
}

std::string
Element::toWire()
{
    std::stringstream ss;
    toJSON(ss);
    return ss.str();
}

void
Element::toWire(std::stringstream& ss)
{
    toJSON(ss);
}

//
// The following methods are effectively empty, and their parameters are
// unused.  To silence compilers that warn unused function parameters,
// we specify a (compiler dependent) special keyword when available.
// It's defined in config.h, and to avoid including this header file from
// installed files we define the methods here.
//
bool
Element::getValue(int& t UNUSED_PARAM) {
    return false;
}

bool
Element::getValue(double& t UNUSED_PARAM) {
    return false;
}

bool
Element::getValue(bool& t UNUSED_PARAM) {
    return false;
}

bool
Element::getValue(std::string& t UNUSED_PARAM) {
    return false;
}

bool
Element::getValue(std::vector<ElementPtr>& t UNUSED_PARAM) {
    return false;
}

bool
Element::getValue(std::map<std::string, ElementPtr>& t UNUSED_PARAM) {
    return false;
}

bool
Element::setValue(const int v UNUSED_PARAM) {
    return false;
}

bool
Element::setValue(const double v UNUSED_PARAM) {
    return false;
}

bool
Element::setValue(const bool t UNUSED_PARAM) {
    return false;
}

bool
Element::setValue(const std::string& v UNUSED_PARAM) {
    return false;
}

bool
Element::setValue(const std::vector<ElementPtr>& v UNUSED_PARAM) {
    return false;
}

bool
Element::setValue(const std::map<std::string, ElementPtr>& v UNUSED_PARAM)
{
    return false;
}

ElementPtr
Element::get(const int i UNUSED_PARAM) {
    isc_throw(TypeError, "get(int) called on a non-list Element");
}

void
Element::set(const size_t i UNUSED_PARAM, ElementPtr element UNUSED_PARAM) {
    isc_throw(TypeError, "set(int, element) called on a non-list Element");
}

void
Element::add(ElementPtr element UNUSED_PARAM) {
    isc_throw(TypeError, "add() called on a non-list Element");
}

void
Element::remove(const int i UNUSED_PARAM) {
    isc_throw(TypeError, "remove(int) called on a non-list Element");
}

size_t
Element::size() {
    isc_throw(TypeError, "size() called on a non-list Element");
}

ElementPtr
Element::get(const std::string& name UNUSED_PARAM) {
    isc_throw(TypeError, "get(string) called on a non-map Element");
}

void
Element::set(const std::string& name UNUSED_PARAM,
             ElementPtr element UNUSED_PARAM)
{
    isc_throw(TypeError, "set(name, element) called on a non-map Element");
}

void
Element::remove(const std::string& name UNUSED_PARAM) {
    isc_throw(TypeError, "remove(string) called on a non-map Element");
}

bool
Element::contains(const std::string& name UNUSED_PARAM) {
    isc_throw(TypeError, "contains(string) called on a non-map Element");
}

ElementPtr
Element::find(const std::string& identifier UNUSED_PARAM) {
    isc_throw(TypeError, "find(string) called on a non-map Element");
}

bool
Element::find(const std::string& identifier UNUSED_PARAM,
              ElementPtr& t UNUSED_PARAM)
{
    return false;
}

namespace {
inline void
throwJSONError(const std::string& error, const std::string& file, int line = 0, int pos = 0)
{
    if (line != 0 || pos != 0) {
        std::stringstream ss;
        ss << error << " in " + file + ":" << line << ":" << pos;
        throw JSONError(ss.str());
    } else {
        throw JSONError(error);
    }
}
}

std::ostream& operator <<(std::ostream &out, const isc::data::ElementPtr& e) {
    return out << e->str();
}

bool operator==(const isc::data::ElementPtr a, const isc::data::ElementPtr b) {
    return a->equals(b);
};

//
// factory functions
//
ElementPtr
Element::create() {
    return ElementPtr(new NullElement());
}

ElementPtr
Element::create(const int i) {
    return ElementPtr(new IntElement(i));
}

ElementPtr
Element::create(const double d) {
    return ElementPtr(new DoubleElement(d));
}

ElementPtr
Element::create(const std::string& s) {
    return ElementPtr(new StringElement(s));
}

ElementPtr
Element::create(const bool b) {
    return ElementPtr(new BoolElement(b));
}

ElementPtr
Element::createList() {
    return ElementPtr(new ListElement());
}

ElementPtr
Element::createMap() {
    return ElementPtr(new MapElement());
}


//
// helper functions for fromJSON factory
//
namespace {
bool
char_in(const char c, const char *chars) {
    for (size_t i = 0; i < strlen(chars); ++i) {
        if (chars[i] == c) {
            return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

void
skip_chars(std::istream &in, const char *chars, int& line, int& pos) {
    char c = in.peek();
    while (char_in(c, chars) && c != EOF) {
        if (c == '\n') {
            ++line;
            pos = 1;
        } else {
            ++pos;
        }
        in.get();
        c = in.peek();
    }
}

// skip on the input stream to one of the characters in chars
// if another character is found this function returns false
// unless that character is specified in the optional may_skip
//
// the character found is left on the stream
void
skip_to(std::istream &in, const std::string& file, int& line,
        int& pos, const char* chars, const char* may_skip="")
{
    char c = in.get();
    ++pos;
    while (c != EOF) {
        if (c == '\n') {
            pos = 1;
            ++line;
        }
        if (char_in(c, may_skip)) {
            c = in.get();
            ++pos;
        } else if (char_in(c, chars)) {
            while(char_in(in.peek(), may_skip)) {
                if (in.peek() == '\n') {
                    pos = 1;
                    ++line;
                }
                in.get();
                ++pos;
            }
            in.putback(c);
            --pos;
            return;
        } else {
            throwJSONError(std::string("'") + c + "' read, one of \"" + chars + "\" expected", file, line, pos);
        }
    }
    throwJSONError(std::string("EOF read, one of \"") + chars + "\" expected", file, line, pos);
}

// TODO: Should we check for all other official escapes here (and
// error on the rest)?
std::string
str_from_stringstream(std::istream &in, const std::string& file, const int line,
                      int& pos) throw (JSONError)
{
    char c = 0;
    std::stringstream ss;
    c = in.get();
    ++pos;
    if (c == '"') {
        c = in.get();
        ++pos;
    } else {
        throwJSONError("String expected", file, line, pos);
    }
    while (c != EOF && c != '"') {
        ss << c;
        if (c == '\\' && in.peek() == '"') {
            ss << in.get();
            ++pos;
        }
        c = in.get();
        ++pos;
    }
    return ss.str();
}

std::string
word_from_stringstream(std::istream &in, int& pos) {
    std::stringstream ss;
    while (isalpha(in.peek())) {
        ss << (char) in.get();
    }
    pos += ss.str().size();
    return ss.str();
}

inline int
count_chars_i(int i) {
    int result = 1;
    while (i > 10) {
        ++result;
        i = i / 10;
    }
    return result;
}

// Should we change from IntElement and DoubleElement to NumberElement
// that can also hold an e value? (and have specific getters if the
// value is larger than an int can handle)
ElementPtr
from_stringstream_number(std::istream &in, int &pos) {
    int i, d_i;
    double d = 0.0;
    bool is_double = false;

    in >> i;
    pos += count_chars_i(i);
    if (in.fail()) {
        throw JSONError("Bad integer or overflow");
    }
    if (in.peek() == '.') {
        is_double = true;
        in.get();
        pos++;
        in >> d_i;
        if (in.fail()) {
            throw JSONError("Bad real or overflow");
        }
        d = i + (double)d_i / 10;
        pos += count_chars_i(d_i);
    }
    if (in.peek() == 'e' || in.peek() == 'E') {
        int e;
        double p;
        in.get();
        pos++;
        in >> e;
        if (in.fail()) {
            throw JSONError("Bad exponent or overflow");
        }
        pos += count_chars_i(e);
        p = pow(10, e);
        if (p == HUGE_VAL) {
            throw JSONError("Bad exponent or overflow");
        }
        if (is_double) {
            d = d * p;
        } else {
            if (p > 1.0) {
                i = i * p;
            } else {
                // negative exponent, so type becomes a double
                is_double = true;
                d = i * p;
            }
        }
    }

    if (is_double) {
        return Element::create(d);
    } else {
        return Element::create(i);
    }
}

ElementPtr
from_stringstream_bool(std::istream &in, const std::string& file,
                       const int line, int& pos)
{
    const std::string word = word_from_stringstream(in, pos);
    if (boost::iequals(word, "True")) {
        return Element::create(true);
    } else if (boost::iequals(word, "False")) {
        return Element::create(false);
    } else {
        throwJSONError(std::string("Bad boolean value: ") + word, file, line, pos);
        // above is a throw shortcur, return empty is never reached
        return ElementPtr();
    }
}

ElementPtr
from_stringstream_null(std::istream &in, const std::string& file,
                       const int line, int& pos)
{
    const std::string word = word_from_stringstream(in, pos);
    if (boost::iequals(word, "null")) {
        return Element::create();
    } else {
        throwJSONError(std::string("Bad null value: ") + word, file, line, pos);
        return ElementPtr();
    }
}

ElementPtr
from_stringstream_string(std::istream& in, const std::string& file, int& line, int& pos)
{
    return Element::create(str_from_stringstream(in, file, line, pos));
}

ElementPtr
from_stringstream_list(std::istream &in, const std::string& file, int& line, int& pos)
{
    char c = 0;
    ElementPtr list = Element::createList();
    ElementPtr cur_list_element;

    skip_chars(in, " \t\n", line, pos);
    while (c != EOF && c != ']') {
        if (in.peek() != ']') {
            cur_list_element = Element::fromJSON(in, file, line, pos);
            list->add(cur_list_element);
            skip_to(in, file, line, pos, ",]", " \t\n");
        }
        c = in.get();
        pos++;
    }
    return list;
}

ElementPtr
from_stringstream_map(std::istream &in, const std::string& file, int& line,
                      int& pos)
{
    ElementPtr map = Element::createMap();
    skip_chars(in, " \t\n", line, pos);
    char c = in.peek();
    if (c == '}') {
        // empty map, skip closing curly
        c = in.get();
    } else {
        while (c != EOF && c != '}') {
            std::string key = str_from_stringstream(in, file, line, pos);
            if (key.length() > 255) {
                // Map tag has one-byte length field in wire format, so the
                // length cannot exceed 255.
                throwJSONError("Map tag is too long", file, line, pos);
            }

            skip_to(in, file, line, pos, ":", " \t\n");
            // skip the :
            in.get();
            pos++;

            ElementPtr value = Element::fromJSON(in, file, line, pos);
            map->set(key, value);
            
            skip_to(in, file, line, pos, ",}", " \t\n");
            c = in.get();
            pos++;
        }
    }
    return map;
}
}

ElementPtr
Element::fromJSON(std::istream& in) throw(JSONError) {
    int line = 1, pos = 1;
    return fromJSON(in, "<istream>", line, pos);
}

ElementPtr
Element::fromJSON(std::istream& in, const std::string& file_name) throw(JSONError)
{
    int line = 1, pos = 1;
    return fromJSON(in, file_name, line, pos);
}

ElementPtr
Element::fromJSON(std::istream &in, const std::string& file, int& line, int& pos) throw(JSONError)
{
    char c = 0;
    ElementPtr element;
    bool el_read = false;
    skip_chars(in, " \n\t", line, pos);
    while (c != EOF && !el_read) {
        c = in.get();
        pos++;
        switch(c) {
            case '1':
            case '2':
            case '3':
            case '4':
            case '5':
            case '6':
            case '7':
            case '8':
            case '9':
            case '0':
                in.putback(c);
                element = from_stringstream_number(in, pos);
                el_read = true;
                break;
            case 't':
            case 'T':
            case 'f':
            case 'F':
                in.putback(c);
                element = from_stringstream_bool(in, file, line, pos);
                el_read = true;
                break;
            case 'n':
                in.putback(c);
                element = from_stringstream_null(in, file, line, pos);
                el_read = true;
                break;
            case '"':
                in.putback('"');
                element = from_stringstream_string(in, file, line, pos);
                el_read = true;
                break;
            case '[':
                element = from_stringstream_list(in, file, line, pos);
                el_read = true;
                break;
            case '{':
                element = from_stringstream_map(in, file, line, pos);
                el_read = true;
                break;
            case EOF:
                break;
            default:
                throwJSONError(std::string("error: unexpected character ") + c, file, line, pos);
                break;
        }
    }
    if (el_read) {
        return element;
    } else {
        throw JSONError("nothing read");
    }
}

ElementPtr
Element::fromJSON(const std::string &in) {
    std::stringstream ss;
    ss << in;
    return fromJSON(ss, "<string>");
}

// to JSON format

void
IntElement::toJSON(std::stringstream& ss)
{
    ss << intValue();
}

void
DoubleElement::toJSON(std::stringstream& ss)
{
    ss << doubleValue();
}

void
BoolElement::toJSON(std::stringstream& ss)
{
    if (b) {
        ss << "true";
    } else {
        ss << "false";
    }
}

void
NullElement::toJSON(std::stringstream& ss)
{
    ss << "null";
}

void
StringElement::toJSON(std::stringstream& ss)
{
    ss << "\"";
    ss << stringValue();
    ss << "\"";
}

void
ListElement::toJSON(std::stringstream& ss)
{
    ss << "[ ";

    const std::vector<ElementPtr>& v = listValue();
    for (std::vector<ElementPtr>::const_iterator it = v.begin();
         it != v.end(); ++it) {
        if (it != v.begin()) {
            ss << ", ";
        }
        (*it)->toJSON(ss);
    }
    ss << " ]";
}

void
MapElement::toJSON(std::stringstream& ss)
{
    ss << "{ ";

    const std::map<std::string, ElementPtr>& m = mapValue();
    for (std::map<std::string, ElementPtr>::const_iterator it = m.begin();
         it != m.end(); ++it) {
        if (it != m.begin()) {
            ss << ", ";
        }
        ss << "\"" << (*it).first << "\": ";
        if ((*it).second) {
            (*it).second->toJSON(ss);
        } else {
            ss << "None";
        }
    }
    ss << " }";
}

// throws when one of the types in the path (except the one
// we're looking for) is not a MapElement
// returns 0 if it could simply not be found
// should that also be an exception?
ElementPtr
MapElement::find(const std::string& id) {
    const size_t sep = id.find('/');
    if (sep == std::string::npos) {
        return get(id);
    } else {
        ElementPtr ce = get(id.substr(0, sep));
        if (ce) {
            // ignore trailing slash
            if  (sep + 1 != id.size()) {
                return ce->find(id.substr(sep + 1));
            } else {
                return ce;
            }
        } else {
            return ElementPtr();
        }
    }
}

ElementPtr
Element::fromWire(const std::string& s) {
    std::stringstream ss;
    ss << s;
    int line = 0, pos = 0;
    return fromJSON(ss, "<wire>", line, pos);
}

ElementPtr
Element::fromWire(std::stringstream& in, int length) {
    //
    // Check protocol version
    //
    //for (int i = 0 ; i < 4 ; ++i) {
    //    const unsigned char version_byte = get_byte(in);
    //    if (PROTOCOL_VERSION[i] != version_byte) {
    //        throw DecodeError("Protocol version incorrect");
    //    }
    //}
    //length -= 4;
    int line = 0, pos = 0;
    return fromJSON(in, "<wire>", line, pos);
}

void
MapElement::set(const std::string& key, ElementPtr value) {
    if (key.length() <= 255) {
        m[key] = value;
    } else {
        isc_throw(TypeError, "Map key too long");
    }
}

bool
MapElement::find(const std::string& id, ElementPtr& t) {
    try {
        ElementPtr p = find(id);
        if (p) {
            t = p;
            return true;
        }
    } catch (const TypeError& e) {
        // ignore
    }
    return false;
}

bool
IntElement::equals(ElementPtr other) {
    return (other->getType() == Element::integer) &&
           (i == other->intValue());
}

bool
DoubleElement::equals(ElementPtr other) {
    return (other->getType() == Element::real) &&
           (d == other->doubleValue());
}

bool
BoolElement::equals(ElementPtr other) {
    return (other->getType() == Element::boolean) &&
           (b == other->boolValue());
}

bool
NullElement::equals(ElementPtr other) {
    return other->getType() == Element::null;
}

bool
StringElement::equals(ElementPtr other) {
    return (other->getType() == Element::string) &&
           (s == other->stringValue());
}

bool
ListElement::equals(ElementPtr other) {
    if (other->getType() == Element::list) {
        const int s = size();
        if (s != other->size()) {
            return false;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < s; ++i) {
            if (!get(i)->equals(other->get(i))) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    } else {
        return false;
    }
}

bool
MapElement::equals(ElementPtr other) {
    if (other->getType() == Element::map) {
        std::map<std::string, ElementPtr> m = mapValue();
        for (std::map<std::string, ElementPtr>::const_iterator it = m.begin();
             it != m.end() ; ++it) {
            if (other->contains((*it).first)) {
                if (!get((*it).first)->equals(other->get((*it).first))) {
                    return false;
                }
            } else {
                return false;
            }
        }
        // quickly walk through the other map too, to see if there's
        // anything in there that we don't have. We don't need to
        // compare those elements; if one of them is missing we
        // differ (and if it's not missing the loop above has checked
        // it)
        m = other->mapValue();
        for (std::map<std::string, ElementPtr>::const_iterator it = m.begin();
             it != m.end() ; ++it) {
            if (!contains((*it).first)) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    } else {
        return false;
    }
}

bool
isNull(ElementPtr p) {
    return !p;
}

void
removeIdentical(ElementPtr a, const ElementPtr b) {
    if (!b) {
        return;
    }
    if (a->getType() != Element::map || b->getType() != Element::map) {
        isc_throw(TypeError, "Non-map Elements passed to removeIdentical");
    }

    std::map<std::string, ElementPtr> m = a->mapValue();
    for (std::map<std::string, ElementPtr>::const_iterator it = m.begin();
         it != m.end() ; ++it) {
        if (b->contains((*it).first)) {
            if (a->get((*it).first)->equals(b->get((*it).first))) {
                a->remove((*it).first);
            }
        }
    }
}

void
merge(ElementPtr element, const ElementPtr other) {
    if (element->getType() != Element::map ||
        other->getType() != Element::map) {
        isc_throw(TypeError, "merge arguments not MapElements");
    }
    
    std::map<std::string, ElementPtr> m = other->mapValue();
    for (std::map<std::string, ElementPtr>::const_iterator it = m.begin();
         it != m.end() ; ++it) {
        if ((*it).second) {
            element->set((*it).first, (*it).second);
        } else if (element->contains((*it).first)) {
            element->remove((*it).first);
        }
    }
}

}
}