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Commit Graph

48 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Numan Siddique
c1aa16d191 ovs python: ovs.stream.open_block() returns success even if the remote is unreachable
The python function ovs.socket_util.check_connection_completion() uses select()
(provided by python) to monitor the socket file descriptor. The select()
returns 1 when the file descriptor becomes ready. For error cases like -
111 (Connection refused) and 113 (No route to host) (POLLERR), ovs.poller._SelectSelect.poll()
expects the exceptfds list to be set by select(). But that is not the case.
As per the select() man page, writefds list will be set for POLLERR.
Please see "Correspondence between select() and poll() notifications" section of select(2)
man page.

Because of this behavior, ovs.socket_util.check_connection_completion() returns success
even if the remote is unreachable or not listening on the port.

This patch fixes this issue by using poll() to check the connection status similar to
the C implementation of check_connection_completion().

A new function 'get_system_poll() is added in ovs/poller.py which returns the
select.poll() object. If select.poll is monkey patched by eventlet/gevent, it
gets the original select.poll() and returns it.

The test cases added in this patch fails without the fix.

Suggested-by: Ben Pfaff <blp@ovn.org>
Signed-off-by: Numan Siddique <nusiddiq@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ben Pfaff <blp@ovn.org>
Acked-by: Mark Michelson <mmichels@redhat.com>
2018-08-14 11:47:12 -07:00
Yifeng Sun
771680d96f DNS: Add basic support for asynchronous DNS resolving
This patch is a simple implementation for the proposal discussed in
https://mail.openvswitch.org/pipermail/ovs-dev/2017-August/337038.html and
https://mail.openvswitch.org/pipermail/ovs-dev/2017-October/340013.html.

It enables ovs-vswitchd and other utilities to use DNS names when specifying
OpenFlow and OVSDB remotes.

Below are some of the features and limitations of this patch:
    - Resolving is asynchornous in daemon context, avoiding blocking main loop;
    - Resolving is synchronous in general utility context;
    - Both IPv4 and IPv6 are supported;
    - The resolving API is thread-safe;
    - Depends on the unbound library;
    - When multiple ip addresses are returned, only the first one is used;
    - /etc/nsswitch.conf isn't respected as unbound library doesn't look at it;
    - For async-resolving, caller need to retry later; there is no callback.

Signed-off-by: Yifeng Sun <pkusunyifeng@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ben Pfaff <blp@ovn.org>
2018-07-06 13:50:00 -07:00
Jakub Sitnicki
28058c298b python: Tighten the check if we need encoding
Check if we are dealing with a Unicode string that needs
encoding for both Python 2 & 3.

Also, do the encoding the same way for Python 2 & 3 and avoid using
negation to make the code simpler.

Signed-off-by: Jakub Sitnicki <jkbs@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ben Pfaff <blp@ovn.org>
2018-04-19 09:27:32 -07:00
Jakub Sitnicki
c7ea0e6b79 python: Fix a double encoding attempt on an Unicode string
Encoding from 'unicode' to 'str' that has been added to the Stream class
in commit 2254074e30 ("python: fix python3 encode/decode on Windows")
conflicts with SSLStream which already contains a quirk for pyopenssl
that does the same thing.

This results in a double encoding attempt when SSL is used and we crash
and burn due to:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "../.././test-ovsdb.py", line 874, in <module>
    main(sys.argv)
  File "../.././test-ovsdb.py", line 869, in main
    func(*args)
  File "../.././test-ovsdb.py", line 655, in do_idl
    idl_set(idl, command, step)
  File "../.././test-ovsdb.py", line 526, in idl_set
    status = txn.commit_block()
  File "/home/jkbs/src/ovs/python/ovs/db/idl.py", line 1405, in commit_block
    status = self.commit()
  File "/home/jkbs/src/ovs/python/ovs/db/idl.py", line 1388, in commit
    if not self.idl._session.send(msg):
  File "/home/jkbs/src/ovs/python/ovs/jsonrpc.py", line 540, in send
    return self.rpc.send(msg)
  File "/home/jkbs/src/ovs/python/ovs/jsonrpc.py", line 244, in send
    self.run()
  File "/home/jkbs/src/ovs/python/ovs/jsonrpc.py", line 203, in run
    retval = self.stream.send(self.output)
  File "/home/jkbs/src/ovs/python/ovs/stream.py", line 808, in send
    return super(SSLStream, self).send(buf)
  File "/home/jkbs/src/ovs/python/ovs/stream.py", line 391, in send
    buf = buf.encode('utf-8')
UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xc2 in position 83: ordinal not in range(128)

Remove the quirk from SSLStream as the base class now does encoding.

Reported-by: Marcin Mirecki <mmirecki@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jakub Sitnicki <jkbs@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ben Pfaff <blp@ovn.org>
2018-04-18 11:33:35 -07:00
Alin Balutoiu
4257675e00 windows,python: remove dead code in send_wait
Found while looking over the code.

Signed-off-by: Alin Balutoiu <abalutoiu@cloudbasesolutions.com>
Suggested-by: Alin Gabriel Serdean <aserdean@ovn.org>
Acked-by: Alin Gabriel Serdean <aserdean@ovn.org>
Acked-by: Anand Kumar <kumaranand@vmware.com>
Signed-off-by: Alin Gabriel Serdean <aserdean@ovn.org>
2017-09-13 01:14:01 +03:00
Alin Balutoiu
0024e9e96f windows,python: remove unnecessary code
At the moment we have WSAEventSelect in each if branch.

Since the call to the function is similar, we can move
it outside the if branch and create some local variables
which will be passed to WSAEventSelect.

This patch also remove the keyword argument passed when
the event for the connection overlapped structure is created.
The argument is not needed since it does not change the value
from the default one.

Signed-off-by: Alin Balutoiu <abalutoiu@cloudbasesolutions.com>
Signed-off-by: Alin Gabriel Serdean <aserdean@ovn.org>
Acked-by: Alin Gabriel Serdean <aserdean@ovn.org>
2017-09-13 00:38:37 +03:00
Alin Balutoiu
fef22d6871 windows, python: create a different event for sockets
At the moment the sockets on Windows use the same events
that are being created for the pipes.

This is not correct because they should be different events.

This patch introduces a new event which should be used for sockets.
The new event needs to be set on automatic reset with its initial
state not signaled.

Signed-off-by: Alin Balutoiu <abalutoiu@cloudbasesolutions.com>
Co-authored-by: Alin Gabriel Serdean <aserdean@ovn.org>
Signed-off-by: Alin Gabriel Serdean <aserdean@ovn.org>
Tested-by: Alin Gabriel Serdean <aserdean@ovn.org>
Acked-by: Russell Bryant <russell@ovn.org>
2017-09-13 00:38:26 +03:00
Alin Balutoiu
ba953e1e83 windows, python: Remove code duplication in send/recv functions
Move the return value at the end of the function
regardless of the pending/non-pending operation.

Signed-off-by: Alin Balutoiu <abalutoiu@cloudbasesolutions.com>
Acked-by: Russell Bryant <russell@ovn.org>
Acked-by: Alin Gabriel Serdean <aserdean@ovn.org>
Signed-off-by: Alin Gabriel Serdean <aserdean@ovn.org>
2017-08-23 18:35:54 +03:00
Alin Balutoiu
2254074e30 python: fix python3 encode/decode on Windows
Fix double encoding/decoding on data, caused by
'get_decoded_buffer' and 'get_encoded_buffer'.

The functions 'get_decoded_buffer' and 'get_encoded_buffer'
from winutils have been removed. They are no longer
necessary since the buffers received/returned are already
in the right form.

The necessary encoding has been moved before any sending
function (this also includes named pipes send on Windows).

Co-authored-by: Alin Serdean <aserdean@cloudbasesolutions.com>
Signed-off-by: Alin Balutoiu <abalutoiu@cloudbasesolutions.com>
Signed-off-by: Alin Serdean <aserdean@cloudbasesolutions.com>
Acked-by: Lance Richardson <lrichard@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Russell Bryant <russell@ovn.org>
2017-08-18 16:12:50 -04:00
Lance Richardson
e7164d96bc python: make python idl unicode-tolerant
Ensure that JSON is utf-8 encoded and that bytes sent/received on
the stream sockets are in utf-8 form. Add a test case to verify
that unicode data can be sent/received successfully using Python
IDL module.

Co-authored-by: Terry Wilson <twilson@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Terry Wilson <twilson@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Lance Richardson <lrichard@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Russell Bryant <russell@ovn.org>
2017-08-09 16:08:18 -04:00
Numan Siddique
ca9c2c56ff python ovs: Fix SSL exceptions with pyOpenSSL v0.13
Centos provides pyOpenSSL version pyOpenSSL-0.13.1-3.el7.x86_64.
There are 2 issues using this version, which this patch fixes

 - The test case "simple idl verify notify - SSL" is skipped.
   This is because "python -m OpenSSL.SSL" is used to detect the
   presence of pyOpenSSL package. pyOpenSSL v0.13 has C python
   modules because of which the above command returns 1.
   So this patch fixes this by using 'python -c "import OpenSSL.SSL"'.

 - The SSL.Context class does not have the function "set_session_cache_mode"
   defined.  Our usage here was only relevant for server-side connections,
   (pssl), which is not yet supported by python-ovs, so just remove the
   usage of this function.  The default cache mode (server) will just
   be ignored.

I have not tested with older versions (< 0.13) of pyOpenSSL.

Signed-off-by: Numan Siddique <nusiddiq@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Lance Richardson <lrichard@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Marcin Mirecki <mmirecki@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Russell Bryant <rbryant@redhat.com>
2017-05-23 13:34:03 -04:00
xurong00037997
6c7050b59c Adapt to flake8-import-order
https://review.openstack.org/#/c/432906/
flake8-import-order adds 3 new flake8 warnings:
I100: Your import statements are in the wrong order.
I101: The names in your from import are in the wrong order.
I201: Missing newline between sections or imports.

Signed-off-by: Ben Pfaff <blp@ovn.org>
2017-03-08 21:11:48 -08:00
Alin Serdean
09e192cd15 python windows: Allow clients to read from server before disconnect.
Wait for clients to read from the pipe before disconnecting the server.

Signed-off-by: Alin Gabriel Serdean <aserdean@cloudbasesolutions.com>
Signed-off-by: Gurucharan Shetty <guru@ovn.org>
2017-01-27 14:27:11 -08:00
Guoshuai Li
871a38766b python: Catch exception "SSL.SysCallError" for send by SSL.
When OVSDB server is aborted,
the SSL send function will throw SSL.SysCallError exception,
which we need to catch and return it's -errno.

While SSL.WantWriteError exception needs to return -EAGAIN
based on its parent class, not EAGAIN

Signed-off-by: Guoshuai Li <ligs@dtdream.com>
Signed-off-by: Ben Pfaff <blp@ovn.org>
2017-01-14 08:49:48 -08:00
Guoshuai Li
e7dce33f09 python: Add TCP/SSL probes for OVSDB python lib
stream_or_pstream_needs_probes always return 0. This causes TCP/SSL
connection not be probed, and no reconnect when the connection
is aborted

Signed-off-by: Guoshuai Li <ligs@dtdream.com>
Signed-off-by: Ben Pfaff <blp@ovn.org>
2017-01-04 15:37:02 -08:00
Alin Balutoiu
03947eb7ec Python tests: Ported UNIX sockets to Windows
Unix sockets (AF_UNIX) are not supported on Windows.
The replacement of Unix sockets on Windows is implemented
using named pipes, we are trying to mimic the behaviour
of unix sockets.

Instead of using Unix sockets to communicate
between components Named Pipes are used. This
makes the python sockets compatible with the
Named Pipe used in Windows applications.

Signed-off-by: Paul-Daniel Boca <pboca@cloudbasesolutions.com>
Signed-off-by: Alin Balutoiu <abalutoiu@cloudbasesolutions.com>
Acked-by: Alin Gabriel Serdean <aserdean@cloudbasesolutions>
Tested-by: Alin Gabriel Serdean <aserdean@cloudbasesolutions>
Signed-off-by: Gurucharan Shetty <guru@ovn.org>
2017-01-03 12:48:58 -08:00
Guoshuai Li
e7c640c352 python: Update comment to mention SSL support.
Signed-off-by: Guoshuai Li <ligs@dtdream.com>
Signed-off-by: Ben Pfaff <blp@ovn.org>
2016-12-12 14:47:55 -08:00
Guoshuai Li
2dc7e5ec51 python: Reconnect SSL connections when ovsdb-server restarts.
The do_handshake() function throws the exception OpenSSL.SSL.SysCallError
when the peer's SSL connection is closed, And the recv() function also
throws the exception OpenSSL.SSL.SysCallError when the peer's SSL
connection is abnormally closed, This commit catches the exception and
return error's errno.

Similarly, the recv() function also throws the exception
OpenSSL.SSL.ZeroReturnError when the peer's SSL connection is closed.  This
exception refers to TCP connection normal closed, return (0, "")

Signed-off-by: Guoshuai Li <ligs@dtdream.com>
Signed-off-by: Ben Pfaff <blp@ovn.org>
Acked-by: Numan Siddique <nusiddiq@redhat.com>
2016-12-12 14:41:28 -08:00
Daniele Di Proietto
884e0dfe8f python: Add double newline after fuction or class (E305).
pycodestyle >= 2.1.0 reports E305 otherwise, and the flake8-check step
fails.

Signed-off-by: Daniele Di Proietto <diproiettod@vmware.com>
Acked-by: Ben Pfaff <blp@ovn.org>
2016-12-02 11:03:36 -08:00
Numan Siddique
d90ed7d65b python: Add SSL support to the python ovs client library
SSL support is added to the ovs/stream.py. pyOpenSSL library is used
to support SSL. If this library is not present, then the SSL stream
is not registered with the Stream class.

Signed-off-by: Numan Siddique <nusiddiq@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ben Pfaff <blp@ovn.org>
2016-10-05 09:47:34 -07:00
Ofer Ben-Yacov
af35823711 python: Add TCP passive-mode to IDL.
Requested-by: "D M, Vikas" <vikas.d-m@hpe.com>
Requested-by: "Kamat, Maruti Haridas" <maruti.kamat@hpe.com>
Requested-by: "Sukhdev Kapur" <sukhdev@arista.com>
Requested-by: "Migliaccio, Armando" <armando.migliaccio@hpe.com>
Signed-off-by: "Ofer Ben-Yacov" <ofer.benyacov@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ben Pfaff <blp@ovn.org>
2016-05-20 08:10:53 -07:00
Russell Bryant
28b4f69ba2 python: Update Python version checks.
Instead of checking the raw version, use the six.PY2 and six.PY3 helpers
to determine if Python 2 or Python 3 are in use.

In one case, the check was to determine if the Python version was >=
2.6.  We now only support >= 2.7, so this check would always be true.

Signed-off-by: Russell Bryant <russell@ovn.org>
Acked-by: Ben Pfaff <blp@ovn.org>
Acked-by: Miguel Angel Ajo <majopela@redhat.com>
2016-04-15 16:52:50 -04:00
Russell Bryant
0e7c46c440 python: Deal with str and byte differences.
Python 3 has separate types for strings and bytes.  Python 2 used the
same type for both.  We need to convert strings to bytes before writing
them out to a socket.  We also need to convert data read from the socket
to a string.

Signed-off-by: Russell Bryant <russell@ovn.org>
Acked-by: Ben Pfaff <blp@ovn.org>
2016-02-02 16:43:35 -05:00
Russell Bryant
cb96c1b27e python: Convert dict iterators.
In Python 2, dict.items(), dict.keys(), and dict.values() returned a
list.  dict.iteritems(), dict.iterkeys(), and dict.itervalues() returned
an iterator.

As of Python 3, dict.iteritems(), dict.itervalues(), and dict.iterkeys()
are gone.  items(), keys(), and values() now return an iterator.

In the case where we want an iterator, we now use the six.iter*()
helpers.  If we want a list, we explicitly create a list from the
iterator.

Signed-off-by: Russell Bryant <russell@ovn.org>
Acked-by: Ben Pfaff <blp@ovn.org>
2016-01-21 23:00:11 -05:00
Terry Wilson
3ab76c56d8 python: Start fixing some Python 3 issues.
This patch fixes just the Python 3 problems found by running:

  python3 setup.py install

There are still many other issues to be fixed, but this is a start.

Signed-off-by: Terry Wilson <twilson@redhat.com>
[russell@ovn.org resolved conflicts with current master]
Signed-off-by: Russell Bryant <russell@ovn.org>
Acked-by: Ben Pfaff <blp@ovn.org>
2016-01-12 11:47:33 -05:00
Russell Bryant
a0631d92d9 python: Fix several pep8 whitespace errors.
Fix the following pep8 errors:

  E201 whitespace after '('
  E203 whitespace before ','
  E222 multiple spaces after operator
  E225 missing whitespace around operator
  E226 missing whitespace around arithmetic operator
  E231 missing whitespace after ':'
  E241 multiple spaces after ':'
  E251 unexpected spaces around keyword / parameter equals
  E261 at least two spaces before inline comment
  E262 inline comment should start with '# '
  E265 block comment should start with '# '
  E271 multiple spaces after keyword

Signed-off-by: Russell Bryant <russell@ovn.org>
Acked-by: Ben Pfaff <blp@ovn.org>
2016-01-05 18:16:20 -05:00
Pavithra Ramesh
2c487bc808 stream-unix: Use rundir as root for relative paths.
Until now, "unix:" and "punix:" paths that are not absolute have
been considered relative to the current working directory.  It
is more useful to consider them relative to the rundir, so this
commit makes that change to the C and Python implementations of
the stream code.

This commit also relaxes the whitelist check in the bridge code
so that any name that does not contain a "/" is considered OK.

Signed-off-by: Pavithra Ramesh <paramesh@vmware.com>
Signed-off-by: Ben Pfaff <blp@nicira.com>
2013-02-11 11:18:58 -08:00
Ben Pfaff
dcb66daea4 python/ovs/stream: Fix Stream.connect() retval for incomplete connection.
If the loop condition in Stream.connect() was false, which is especially
likely for TCP connections, then Stream.connect() would return None,
which violates its documented behavior.  This commit fixes the problem.

Reported-by: Isaku Yamahata <yamahata@valinux.co.jp>
Tested-by: Isaku Yamahata <yamahata@valinux.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Ben Pfaff <blp@nicira.com>
2012-11-21 22:10:38 -08:00
FUJITA Tomonori
bb1c9a6518 don't use select.POLL* constants
Python doesn't have select.POLL* constants on some architectures
(e.g. MacOSX). This code needs to define the constants for itself. It
uses select.POLL* constants only internally (doesn't pass them
outside). So there is no harm even if the definition would conflict
with Python's those.

Signed-off-by: FUJITA Tomonori <fujita.tomonori@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Ben Pfaff <blp@nicira.com>
2012-11-19 09:11:12 -08:00
Isaku Yamahata
f7b7ee9753 stream.py: un-decorator Stream.register_method
c38f8724ae made stream.py not use class
decorator. So Stream.register need not to be decorator any more.
So simplify it.

Signed-off-by: Isaku Yamahata <yamahata@valinux.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Ben Pfaff <blp@nicira.com>
2012-10-17 11:22:08 -07:00
Reid Price
c38f8724ae stream.py: Don't use class decorators.
Commit 8cc820 (python/ovs/stream: teach stream.py tcp socket) made a
change that used class decorators.  Unfortunately, they were not
introduced until Python 2.6.  XenServer uses Python 2.4, so the change
caused some Python-based daemons not to start.  This commit uses an
alternate syntax suggested by Reid Price.

Bug #13580

Signed-off-by: Justin Pettit <jpettit@nicira.com>
Signed-off-by: Reid Price <reid@nicira.com>
2012-10-16 17:41:26 -07:00
Isaku Yamahata
e06d06a7b3 python/ovs/stream: teach stream.py tcp socket
Signed-off-by: Isaku Yamahata <yamahata@valinux.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Ben Pfaff <blp@nicira.com>
2012-10-15 10:22:53 -07:00
Justin Pettit
293d49bdd6 Fix "*tivty" typos.
Signed-off-by: Justin Pettit <jpettit@nicira.com>
2012-07-25 10:12:57 -07:00
Ben Pfaff
5796d9cf85 python: Call 'wait' methods correctly in jsonrpc and stream code.
Bug #12301.
Reported-by: Mike Kruze <mkruze@nicira.com>
Signed-off-by: Ben Pfaff <blp@nicira.com>
2012-07-02 15:23:11 -07:00
Raju Subramanian
e0edde6fee Global replace of Nicira Networks.
Replaced all instances of Nicira Networks(, Inc) to Nicira, Inc.

Feature #10593
Signed-off-by: Raju Subramanian <rsubramanian@nicira.com>
Signed-off-by: Ben Pfaff <blp@nicira.com>
2012-05-02 17:08:02 -07:00
Ethan Jackson
f1936eb651 stream: By default disable probing on unix sockets.
There isn't a lot of value in sending inactivity probes on unix
sockets.  This patch changes the default to disable them.

Signed-off-by: Ethan Jackson <ethan@nicira.com>
2012-04-12 00:43:22 -07:00
Ben Pfaff
7921b912de stream-unix: Do not bind a name for client sockets.
There's no reason for a Unix domain client socket to bind a name.  I don't
know why we've always done that.  Stevens's "Unix Network Programming"
Unix domain socket client example doesn't do a bind.

Removes the 'unlink_path' parameter from new_fd_stream() since it is now
always passed as NULL.

Signed-off-by: Ben Pfaff <blp@nicira.com>
2012-03-07 16:33:15 -08:00
Ethan Jackson
3a656eafb9 python: Upgrade to vlog.
This patch upgrades the library code in the python/ovs directory to
the new vlog module.
2011-09-27 14:51:49 -07:00
Ethan Jackson
ec394dad53 stream.py: Make usage() function return a string.
This will marginally simplify a future patch.
2011-09-27 14:50:26 -07:00
Ethan Jackson
26bb0f3129 python: Style cleanup.
This patch does minor style cleanups to the code in the python and
tests directory.  There's other code floating around that could use
similar treatment, but updating it is not convenient at the moment.
2011-09-24 16:32:54 -07:00
Ben Pfaff
973d7411d6 python: Remove unused imports.
Found by pychecker.
2011-08-25 11:07:23 -07:00
Ben Pfaff
1f00acd0bc ovs.stream: Remove unused parameter from usage().
This function has no callers.  We could delete it entirely, instead.
2011-08-25 11:07:23 -07:00
Ben Pfaff
8ba31bf16d ovs.stream: Simplify logic in Stream.wait().
Suggested-by: Reid Price <reid@nicira.com>
2011-08-24 12:06:53 -07:00
Ben Pfaff
63b1a52133 ovs.stream: Drop Stream.get_name() since clients can use 'name' directly.
Suggested-by: Reid Price <reid@nicira.com>
2011-08-24 12:06:53 -07:00
Ben Pfaff
1f9dd59cf1 ovs.stream: Use %d in place of %ld since the two are equivalent in Python.
Reported-by: Reid Price <reid@nicira.com>
2011-08-24 12:06:53 -07:00
Ben Pfaff
91c637960c python: Avoid using 'tuple' as a variable name.
'tuple' is a Python built-in function, so it's best to avoid using it as a
variable name.

Suggested-by: Reid Price <reid@nicira.com>
2011-08-24 11:57:42 -07:00
Ben Pfaff
9601fa824d ovs.stream: Fix logic bug in Stream.connect().
The loop here is supposed to run at least once, and to continue looping as
long as the loop body changes the current state, but this bug caused it to
continue looping until the connection completed in success or failure.  It
probably didn't cause many problems in practice because only Unix domain
socket connections are currently supported, and those connections normally
complete immediately.

Reported-by: Reid Price <reid@nicira.com>
2011-08-24 11:55:49 -07:00
Ben Pfaff
991559357f Implement initial Python bindings for Open vSwitch database.
These initial bindings pass a few hundred of the corresponding tests
for C implementations of various bits of the Open vSwitch library API.
The poorest part of them is actually the Python IDL interface in
ovs.db.idl, which has not received enough attention yet.  It appears
to work, but it doesn't yet support writes (transactions) and it is
difficult to use.  I hope to improve it as it becomes clear what
semantics Python applications actually want from an IDL.
2010-08-25 14:55:48 -07:00