mirror of
https://github.com/openvswitch/ovs
synced 2025-08-22 01:51:26 +00:00
doc: Convert WHY-OVS to rST
Signed-off-by: Stephen Finucane <stephen@that.guru> Signed-off-by: Russell Bryant <russell@ovn.org>
This commit is contained in:
Stephen Finucane
Russell Bryant
parent
b753ccd234
commit
223908d6f0
4
FAQ.md
4
FAQ.md
@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ A: The [PORTING.rst] document describes how one would go about
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A: Open vSwitch is specially designed to make it easier to manage VM
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network configuration and monitor state spread across many physical
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hosts in dynamic virtualized environments. Please see
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[WHY-OVS.md] for a more detailed description of how Open vSwitch
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[WHY-OVS.rst] for a more detailed description of how Open vSwitch
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relates to the Linux Bridge.
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### Q: How is Open vSwitch related to distributed virtual switches like the VMware vNetwork distributed switch or the Cisco Nexus 1000V?
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@ -2150,7 +2150,7 @@ bugs@openvswitch.org
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http://openvswitch.org/
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[PORTING.rst]:PORTING.rst
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[WHY-OVS.md]:WHY-OVS.md
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[WHY-OVS.rst]:WHY-OVS.rst
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[INSTALL.rst]:INSTALL.rst
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[OPENFLOW-1.1+.md]:OPENFLOW-1.1+.md
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[INSTALL.DPDK.rst]:INSTALL.DPDK.rst
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@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ docs = \
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README-native-tunneling.md \
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REPORTING-BUGS.rst \
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SECURITY.md \
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WHY-OVS.md
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WHY-OVS.rst
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EXTRA_DIST = \
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$(docs) \
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NOTICE \
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106
WHY-OVS.md
106
WHY-OVS.md
@ -1,106 +0,0 @@
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Why Open vSwitch?
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=================
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Hypervisors need the ability to bridge traffic between VMs and with the
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outside world. On Linux-based hypervisors, this used to mean using the
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built-in L2 switch (the Linux bridge), which is fast and reliable. So,
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it is reasonable to ask why Open vSwitch is used.
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The answer is that Open vSwitch is targeted at multi-server
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virtualization deployments, a landscape for which the previous stack is
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not well suited. These environments are often characterized by highly
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dynamic end-points, the maintenance of logical abstractions, and
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(sometimes) integration with or offloading to special purpose switching
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hardware.
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The following characteristics and design considerations help Open
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vSwitch cope with the above requirements.
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* The mobility of state: All network state associated with a network
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entity (say a virtual machine) should be easily identifiable and
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migratable between different hosts. This may include traditional
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"soft state" (such as an entry in an L2 learning table), L3 forwarding
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state, policy routing state, ACLs, QoS policy, monitoring
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configuration (e.g. NetFlow, IPFIX, sFlow), etc.
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Open vSwitch has support for both configuring and migrating both slow
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(configuration) and fast network state between instances. For
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example, if a VM migrates between end-hosts, it is possible to not
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only migrate associated configuration (SPAN rules, ACLs, QoS) but any
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live network state (including, for example, existing state which
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may be difficult to reconstruct). Further, Open vSwitch state is
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typed and backed by a real data-model allowing for the development of
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structured automation systems.
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* Responding to network dynamics: Virtual environments are often
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characterized by high-rates of change. VMs coming and going, VMs
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moving backwards and forwards in time, changes to the logical network
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environments, and so forth.
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Open vSwitch supports a number of features that allow a network
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control system to respond and adapt as the environment changes.
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This includes simple accounting and visibility support such as
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NetFlow, IPFIX, and sFlow. But perhaps more useful, Open vSwitch
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supports a network state database (OVSDB) that supports remote
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triggers. Therefore, a piece of orchestration software can "watch"
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various aspects of the network and respond if/when they change.
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This is used heavily today, for example, to respond to and track VM
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migrations.
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Open vSwitch also supports OpenFlow as a method of exporting remote
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access to control traffic. There are a number of uses for this
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including global network discovery through inspection of discovery
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or link-state traffic (e.g. LLDP, CDP, OSPF, etc.).
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* Maintenance of logical tags: Distributed virtual switches (such as
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VMware vDS and Cisco's Nexus 1000V) often maintain logical context
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within the network through appending or manipulating tags in network
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packets. This can be used to uniquely identify a VM (in a manner
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resistant to hardware spoofing), or to hold some other context that
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is only relevant in the logical domain. Much of the problem of
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building a distributed virtual switch is to efficiently and correctly
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manage these tags.
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Open vSwitch includes multiple methods for specifying and maintaining
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tagging rules, all of which are accessible to a remote process for
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orchestration. Further, in many cases these tagging rules are stored
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in an optimized form so they don't have to be coupled with a
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heavyweight network device. This allows, for example, thousands of
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tagging or address remapping rules to be configured, changed, and
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migrated.
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In a similar vein, Open vSwitch supports a GRE implementation that can
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handle thousands of simultaneous GRE tunnels and supports remote
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configuration for tunnel creation, configuration, and tear-down.
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This, for example, can be used to connect private VM networks in
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different data centers.
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* Hardware integration: Open vSwitch's forwarding path (the in-kernel
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datapath) is designed to be amenable to "offloading" packet processing
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to hardware chipsets, whether housed in a classic hardware switch
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chassis or in an end-host NIC. This allows for the Open vSwitch
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control path to be able to both control a pure software
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implementation or a hardware switch.
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There are many ongoing efforts to port Open vSwitch to hardware
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chipsets. These include multiple merchant silicon chipsets (Broadcom
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and Marvell), as well as a number of vendor-specific platforms. (The
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PORTING file discusses how one would go about making such a port.)
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The advantage of hardware integration is not only performance within
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virtualized environments. If physical switches also expose the Open
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vSwitch control abstractions, both bare-metal and virtualized hosting
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environments can be managed using the same mechanism for automated
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network control.
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In many ways, Open vSwitch targets a different point in the design space
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than previous hypervisor networking stacks, focusing on the need for
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automated and dynamic network control in large-scale Linux-based
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virtualization environments.
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The goal with Open vSwitch is to keep the in-kernel code as small as
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possible (as is necessary for performance) and to re-use existing
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subsystems when applicable (for example Open vSwitch uses the existing
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QoS stack). As of Linux 3.3, Open vSwitch is included as a part of the
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kernel and packaging for the userspace utilities are available on most
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popular distributions.
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131
WHY-OVS.rst
Normal file
131
WHY-OVS.rst
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
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..
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Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
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not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
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a copy of the License at
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http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
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WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
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License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
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under the License.
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Convention for heading levels in Open vSwitch documentation:
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======= Heading 0 (reserved for the title in a document)
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------- Heading 1
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~~~~~~~ Heading 2
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+++++++ Heading 3
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''''''' Heading 4
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Avoid deeper levels because they do not render well.
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=================
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Why Open vSwitch?
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=================
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Hypervisors need the ability to bridge traffic between VMs and with the outside
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world. On Linux-based hypervisors, this used to mean using the built-in L2
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switch (the Linux bridge), which is fast and reliable. So, it is reasonable to
|
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ask why Open vSwitch is used.
|
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|
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The answer is that Open vSwitch is targeted at multi-server virtualization
|
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deployments, a landscape for which the previous stack is not well suited. These
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environments are often characterized by highly dynamic end-points, the
|
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maintenance of logical abstractions, and (sometimes) integration with or
|
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offloading to special purpose switching hardware.
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The following characteristics and design considerations help Open vSwitch cope
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with the above requirements.
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The mobility of state
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---------------------
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All network state associated with a network entity (say a virtual machine)
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should be easily identifiable and migratable between different hosts. This may
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include traditional "soft state" (such as an entry in an L2 learning table), L3
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forwarding state, policy routing state, ACLs, QoS policy, monitoring
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configuration (e.g. NetFlow, IPFIX, sFlow), etc.
|
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|
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Open vSwitch has support for both configuring and migrating both slow
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(configuration) and fast network state between instances. For example, if a VM
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migrates between end-hosts, it is possible to not only migrate associated
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configuration (SPAN rules, ACLs, QoS) but any live network state (including,
|
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for example, existing state which may be difficult to reconstruct). Further,
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Open vSwitch state is typed and backed by a real data-model allowing for the
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development of structured automation systems.
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Responding to network dynamics
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------------------------------
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Virtual environments are often characterized by high-rates of change. VMs
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coming and going, VMs moving backwards and forwards in time, changes to the
|
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logical network environments, and so forth.
|
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|
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Open vSwitch supports a number of features that allow a network control system
|
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to respond and adapt as the environment changes. This includes simple
|
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accounting and visibility support such as NetFlow, IPFIX, and sFlow. But
|
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perhaps more useful, Open vSwitch supports a network state database (OVSDB)
|
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that supports remote triggers. Therefore, a piece of orchestration software can
|
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"watch" various aspects of the network and respond if/when they change. This is
|
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used heavily today, for example, to respond to and track VM migrations.
|
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|
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Open vSwitch also supports OpenFlow as a method of exporting remote access to
|
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control traffic. There are a number of uses for this including global network
|
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discovery through inspection of discovery or link-state traffic (e.g. LLDP,
|
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CDP, OSPF, etc.).
|
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|
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Maintenance of logical tags
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----------------------------
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|
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Distributed virtual switches (such as VMware vDS and Cisco's Nexus 1000V) often
|
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maintain logical context within the network through appending or manipulating
|
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tags in network packets. This can be used to uniquely identify a VM (in a
|
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manner resistant to hardware spoofing), or to hold some other context that is
|
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only relevant in the logical domain. Much of the problem of building a
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distributed virtual switch is to efficiently and correctly manage these tags.
|
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|
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Open vSwitch includes multiple methods for specifying and maintaining tagging
|
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rules, all of which are accessible to a remote process for orchestration.
|
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Further, in many cases these tagging rules are stored in an optimized form so
|
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they don't have to be coupled with a heavyweight network device. This allows,
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for example, thousands of tagging or address remapping rules to be configured,
|
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changed, and migrated.
|
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|
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In a similar vein, Open vSwitch supports a GRE implementation that can handle
|
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thousands of simultaneous GRE tunnels and supports remote configuration for
|
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tunnel creation, configuration, and tear-down. This, for example, can be used
|
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to connect private VM networks in different data centers.
|
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|
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Hardware integration
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--------------------
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|
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Open vSwitch's forwarding path (the in-kernel datapath) is designed to be
|
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amenable to "offloading" packet processing to hardware chipsets, whether housed
|
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in a classic hardware switch chassis or in an end-host NIC. This allows for the
|
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Open vSwitch control path to be able to both control a pure software
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implementation or a hardware switch.
|
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|
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There are many ongoing efforts to port Open vSwitch to hardware chipsets. These
|
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include multiple merchant silicon chipsets (Broadcom and Marvell), as well as a
|
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number of vendor-specific platforms. (The PORTING file discusses how one would
|
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go about making such a port.)
|
||||
|
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The advantage of hardware integration is not only performance within
|
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virtualized environments. If physical switches also expose the Open vSwitch
|
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control abstractions, both bare-metal and virtualized hosting environments can
|
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be managed using the same mechanism for automated network control.
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Summary
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-------
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In many ways, Open vSwitch targets a different point in the design space than
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previous hypervisor networking stacks, focusing on the need for automated and
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dynamic network control in large-scale Linux-based virtualization environments.
|
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|
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The goal with Open vSwitch is to keep the in-kernel code as small as possible
|
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(as is necessary for performance) and to re-use existing subsystems when
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applicable (for example Open vSwitch uses the existing QoS stack). As of Linux
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3.3, Open vSwitch is included as a part of the kernel and packaging for the
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userspace utilities are available on most popular distributions.
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@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ fi
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%{_mandir}/man8/ovs-vswitchd.8*
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%{_mandir}/man8/ovs-parse-backtrace.8*
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%{_mandir}/man8/ovs-testcontroller.8*
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%doc COPYING DESIGN.md INSTALL.SSL.md NOTICE README.rst WHY-OVS.md
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%doc COPYING DESIGN.md INSTALL.SSL.md NOTICE README.rst WHY-OVS.rst
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%doc FAQ.md NEWS INSTALL.DPDK.rst rhel/README.RHEL
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/var/lib/openvswitch
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/var/log/openvswitch
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@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ exit 0
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/usr/share/openvswitch/scripts/sysconfig.template
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/usr/share/openvswitch/vswitch.ovsschema
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/usr/share/openvswitch/vtep.ovsschema
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%doc COPYING DESIGN.md INSTALL.SSL.md NOTICE README.rst WHY-OVS.md FAQ.md NEWS
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%doc COPYING DESIGN.md INSTALL.SSL.md NOTICE README.rst WHY-OVS.rst FAQ.md NEWS
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%doc INSTALL.DPDK.rst rhel/README.RHEL README-native-tunneling.md
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/var/lib/openvswitch
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/var/log/openvswitch
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@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ case $srcdir in
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/*) ;;
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*) srcdir=`pwd`/$srcdir ;;
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esac
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if test ! -e "$srcdir"/WHY-OVS.md; then
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if test ! -e "$srcdir"/WHY-OVS.rst; then
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echo >&2 'source directory not found, please set $srcdir or run via \"make check-oftest'
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exit 1
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fi
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@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ case $srcdir in
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/*) ;;
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*) srcdir=`pwd`/$srcdir ;;
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esac
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if test ! -e "$srcdir"/WHY-OVS.md; then
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if test ! -e "$srcdir"/WHY-OVS.rst; then
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echo >&2 'source directory not found, please set $srcdir or run via \"make check-ryu'
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exit 1
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fi
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@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ if $built; then
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case $srcdir in
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'')
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srcdir=$builddir
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if test ! -e "$srcdir"/WHY-OVS.md; then
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if test ! -e "$srcdir"/WHY-OVS.rst; then
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srcdir=`cd $builddir/.. && pwd`
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fi
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;;
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@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ ENV = os.environ
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HOME = ENV["HOME"]
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PWD = os.getcwd()
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OVS_SRC = HOME + "/ovs"
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if os.path.exists(PWD + "/WHY-OVS.md"):
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if os.path.exists(PWD + "/WHY-OVS.rst"):
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OVS_SRC = PWD # Use current directory as OVS source tree
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RUNDIR = OVS_SRC + "/_run"
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BUILD_GCC = OVS_SRC + "/_build-gcc"
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@ -63,8 +63,8 @@ if test ! -e "$sim_builddir"/vswitchd/ovs-vswitchd; then
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echo "$sim_builddir/vswitchd/ovs-vswitchd does not exist (need to run \"make\"?)" >&2
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exit 1
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fi
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if test ! -e "$sim_srcdir"/WHY-OVS.md; then
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echo "$sim_srcdir/WHY-OVS.md does not exist" >&2
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if test ! -e "$sim_srcdir"/WHY-OVS.rst; then
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echo "$sim_srcdir/WHY-OVS.rst does not exist" >&2
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exit 1
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fi
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Loading…
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user