    PGSQL_TABLE(5)                                                  PGSQL_TABLE(5)

    NAME
           pgsql_table - Postfix PostgreSQL client configuration

    SYNOPSIS
           postmap -q "string" pgsql:/etc/postfix/filename

           postmap -q - pgsql:/etc/postfix/filename <inputfile

    DESCRIPTION
           The  Postfix  mail system uses optional tables for address rewriting or
           mail routing. These tables are usually in dbm or db format.

           Alternatively, lookup tables can be specified as PostgreSQL  databases.
           In  order  to  use  PostgreSQL lookups, define a PostgreSQL source as a
           lookup table in main.cf, for example:
               alias_maps = pgsql:/etc/postfix/pgsql-aliases.cf

           The file /etc/postfix/pgsql-aliases.cf has the same format as the Post-
           fix main.cf file, and can specify the parameters described below.

    LIST MEMBERSHIP
           When  using  SQL  to  store  lists such as $mynetworks, $mydestination,
           $relay_domains, $local_recipient_maps, etc., it is important to  under-
           stand that the table must store each list member as a separate key. The
           table lookup verifies the *existence* of the key.  See  "Postfix  lists
           versus tables" in the DATABASE_README document for a discussion.

           Do  NOT create tables that return the full list of domains in $mydesti-
           nation or $relay_domains etc., or IP addresses in $mynetworks.

           DO create tables with each matching item as a key and with an arbitrary
           value.  With  SQL databases it is not uncommon to return the key itself
           or a constant value.

    PGSQL PARAMETERS
           hosts  The hosts that Postfix will try to connect to  and  query  from.
                  Besides  a  PostgreSQL connection URI, this setting supports the
                  historical forms  unix:/pathname  for  UNIX-domain  sockets  and
                  inet:host:port  for  TCP  connections, where the unix: and inet:
                  prefixes are accepted and ignored for  backwards  compatibility.
                  Examples:
                      hosts = postgresql://username@example.com/databasename?sslmode=require
                      hosts = postgres://user:secret@localhost
                      hosts = inet:host1.some.domain inet:host2.some.domain:port
                      hosts = host1.some.domain host2.some.domain:port
                      hosts = unix:/file/name

                  See   https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/libpq-connect.html
                  for the supported connection URI syntax.

                  The hosts are tried in random order. The connections  are  auto-
                  matically  closed  after  being idle for about 1 minute, and are
                  re-opened as necessary. See idle_interval for details.

                  NOTE: if the hosts setting  specifies  a  PostgreSQL  connection
                  URI, the Postfix PostgreSQL client will ignore the dbname, user,
                  and password settings for that connection.

                  NOTE: if the hosts  setting  specifies  only  one  server,  this
                  client  assumes  that  the  target  is  a load balancer and will
                  reconnect immediately after a single failure. With Postfix  ver-
                  sions 3.9 and earlier, specify the same server twice.

           user

           password
                  The  user name and password to log into the pgsql server.  Exam-
                  ple:
                      user = someone
                      password = some_password

                  The user and password settings are ignored for hosts connections
                  that are specified as an URI.

           dbname The database name on the servers. Example:
                      dbname = customer_database

                  The  dbname  setting  is  ignored for hosts connections that are
                  specified as an URI.

                  The dbname setting is required with Postfix 3.10 and later, when
                  hosts  specifies  any  non-URI connection; it is always required
                  with earlier Postfix versions.

           encoding
                  The encoding used by the database client.  The  default  setting
                  is:
                      encoding = UTF8

                  Historically,  the  database client was hard coded to use LATIN1
                  in an attempt to disable multibyte character support.

                  This feature is available in Postfix 3.8 and later.

           idle_interval (default: 60)
                  The number of seconds after which an  idle  database  connection
                  will be closed.

                  This feature is available in Postfix 3.9 and later.

           retry_interval (default: 60)
                  The number of seconds that a database connection will be skipped
                  after an error.

                  NOTE: if the hosts  setting  specifies  only  one  server,  this
                  client  assumes  that  the  target  is  a load balancer and will
                  reconnect immediately after a single failure. With Postfix  ver-
                  sions 3.9 and earlier, specify the same server twice.

                  This feature is available in Postfix 3.9 and later.

           query  The  SQL query template used to search the database, where %s is
                  a substitute for the address Postfix is trying to resolve,  e.g.
                      query = SELECT replacement FROM aliases WHERE mailbox = '%s'

                  This parameter supports the following '%' expansions:

                  %%     This is replaced by a literal '%' character. (Postfix 2.2
                         and later)

                  %s     This is replaced by the input key.  SQL quoting  is  used
                         to  make  sure that the input key does not add unexpected
                         metacharacters.

                  %u     When the input key is an address of the form user@domain,
                         %u  is  replaced  by  the  SQL  quoted  local part of the
                         address.  Otherwise, %u is replaced by the entire  search
                         string.   If  the  localpart  is empty, the query is sup-
                         pressed and returns no results.

                  %d     When the input key is an address of the form user@domain,
                         %d  is  replaced  by  the  SQL  quoted domain part of the
                         address.  Otherwise, the query is suppressed and  returns
                         no results.

                  %[SUD] The upper-case equivalents of the above expansions behave
                         in the query parameter identically  to  their  lower-case
                         counter-parts.   With  the  result_format  parameter (see
                         below), they expand the input key rather than the  result
                         value.

                         The  above  %S,  %U  and %D expansions are available with
                         Postfix 2.2 and later

                  %[1-9] The patterns %1, %2, ... %9 are replaced  by  the  corre-
                         sponding  most  significant  component of the input key's
                         domain. If the input key is  user@mail.example.com,  then
                         %1 is com, %2 is example and %3 is mail. If the input key
                         is unqualified or does not have enough domain  components
                         to  satisfy all the specified patterns, the query is sup-
                         pressed and returns no results.

                         The above %1, ... %9 expansions are available with  Post-
                         fix 2.2 and later

                  The  domain  parameter  described below limits the input keys to
                  addresses in matching domains.  When  the  domain  parameter  is
                  non-empty, SQL queries for unqualified addresses or addresses in
                  non-matching domains are suppressed and return no results.

                  The precedence of this parameter has changed with  Postfix  2.2,
                  in  prior  releases  the precedence was, from highest to lowest,
                  select_function, query, select_field, ...

                  With Postfix 2.2 the query parameter has highest precedence, see
                  OBSOLETE QUERY INTERFACES below.

                  NOTE: DO NOT put quotes around the query parameter.

           result_format (default: %s)
                  Format template applied to result attributes. Most commonly used
                  to append (or prepend) text to the result. This  parameter  sup-
                  ports the following '%' expansions:

                  %%     This is replaced by a literal '%' character.

                  %s     This  is  replaced  by the value of the result attribute.
                         When result is empty it is skipped.

                  %u     When the result attribute value is an address of the form
                         user@domain,  %u  is  replaced  by  the local part of the
                         address. When the result has an  empty  localpart  it  is
                         skipped.

                  %d     When  a  result attribute value is an address of the form
                         user@domain, %d is replaced by the  domain  part  of  the
                         attribute  value.  When  the  result is unqualified it is
                         skipped.

                  %[SUD1-9]
                         The upper-case and decimal digit  expansions  interpolate
                         the  parts of the input key rather than the result. Their
                         behavior is identical to that described with  query,  and
                         in  fact  because  the  input  key  is  known in advance,
                         queries whose key does not contain  all  the  information
                         specified  in  the  result  template  are  suppressed and
                         return no results.

                  For example, using "result_format = smtp:[%s]" allows one to use
                  a mailHost attribute as the basis of a transport(5) table. After
                  applying the result format, multiple values are concatenated  as
                  comma  separated  strings.  The  expansion_limit  and  parameter
                  explained below allows one to restrict the number of  values  in
                  the result, which is especially useful for maps that must return
                  at most one value.

                  The default value %s specifies that each result value should  be
                  used as is.

                  This parameter is available with Postfix 2.2 and later.

                  NOTE: DO NOT put quotes around the result format!

           domain (default: no domain list)
                  This  is a list of domain names, paths to files, or "type:table"
                  databases. When specified, only fully qualified search keys with
                  a  *non-empty*  localpart and a matching domain are eligible for
                  lookup:  'user'  lookups,  bare  domain  lookups  and  "@domain"
                  lookups  are  not  performed.  This can significantly reduce the
                  query load on the PostgreSQL server.
                      domain = postfix.org, hash:/etc/postfix/searchdomains

                  It is best not to use SQL to store the domains eligible for  SQL
                  lookups.

                  This parameter is available with Postfix 2.2 and later.

                  NOTE: DO NOT define this parameter for local(8) aliases, because
                  the input keys are always unqualified.

           expansion_limit (default: 0)
                  A limit on the total number of result elements  returned  (as  a
                  comma separated list) by a lookup against the map.  A setting of
                  zero disables the limit. Lookups fail with a temporary error  if
                  the  limit  is  exceeded.   Setting  the limit to 1 ensures that
                  lookups do not return multiple values.

    OBSOLETE MAIN.CF PARAMETERS
           For compatibility with other Postfix lookup tables, PostgreSQL  parame-
           ters  can  also be defined in main.cf.  In order to do that, specify as
           PostgreSQL source a name that doesn't begin with a slash or a dot.  The
           PostgreSQL  parameters will then be accessible as the name you've given
           the source in its definition, an underscore, and the name of the param-
           eter.   For  example, if the map is specified as "pgsql:pgsqlname", the
           parameter "hosts" would be defined in main.cf as "pgsqlname_hosts".

           Note: with this form, the passwords  for  the  PostgreSQL  sources  are
           written in main.cf, which is normally world-readable.  Support for this
           form will be removed in a future Postfix version.

    OBSOLETE QUERY INTERFACES
           This section describes query interfaces that are deprecated as of Post-
           fix  2.2.   Please migrate to the new query interface as the old inter-
           faces are slated to be phased out.

           select_function
                  This parameter specifies a database function name. Example:
                      select_function = my_lookup_user_alias

                  This is equivalent to:
                      query = SELECT my_lookup_user_alias('%s')

                  This  parameter  overrides  the  legacy   table-related   fields
                  (described  below).  With Postfix versions prior to 2.2, it also
                  overrides the query parameter. Starting with  Postfix  2.2,  the
                  query  parameter has highest precedence, and the select_function
                  parameter is deprecated.

           The following parameters (with lower precedence than  the  select_func-
           tion  interface  described  above)  can be used to build the SQL select
           statement as follows:

               SELECT [select_field]
               FROM [table]
               WHERE [where_field] = '%s'
                     [additional_conditions]

           The specifier %s is replaced with each lookup by the lookup key and  is
           escaped  so  if  it  contains single quotes or other odd characters, it
           will not cause a parse error, or worse, a security problem.

           Starting with Postfix 2.2, this interface is obsoleted by the more gen-
           eral query interface described above. If higher precedence the query or
           select_function parameters described above are defined, the  parameters
           described here are ignored.

           select_field
                  The SQL "select" parameter. Example:
                      select_field = forw_addr

           table  The SQL "select .. from" table name. Example:
                      table = mxaliases

           where_field
                  The SQL "select .. where" parameter. Example:
                      where_field = alias

           additional_conditions
                  Additional conditions to the SQL query. Example:
                      additional_conditions = AND status = 'paid'

    SEE ALSO
           postmap(1), Postfix lookup table manager
           postconf(5), configuration parameters
           ldap_table(5), LDAP lookup tables
           mysql_table(5), MySQL lookup tables
           sqlite_table(5), SQLite lookup tables

    README FILES
           DATABASE_README, Postfix lookup table overview
           PGSQL_README, Postfix PostgreSQL client guide

    LICENSE
           The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software.

    HISTORY
           PgSQL support was introduced with Postfix version 2.1.

    AUTHOR(S)
           Based on the MySQL client by:
           Scott Cotton, Joshua Marcus
           IC Group, Inc.

           Ported to PostgreSQL by:
           Aaron Sethman

           Further enhanced by:
           Liviu Daia
           Institute of Mathematics of the Romanian Academy
           P.O. BOX 1-764
           RO-014700 Bucharest, ROMANIA

                                                                    PGSQL_TABLE(5)