# Postfix MongoDB Howto

## MongoDB Support in Postfix

Postfix can use MongoDB as a source for any of its lookups: aliases(5), virtual(5), canonical(5), etc. This allows you to keep information for your mail service in a replicated noSQL database with fine-grained access controls. By not storing it locally on the mail server, the administrators can maintain it from anywhere, and the users can control whatever bits of it you think appropriate. You can have multiple mail servers using the same information, without the hassle and delay of having to copy it to each.

Topics covered in this document:

- Building Postfix with MongoDB support
- Configuring MongoDB lookups
- Example: virtual alias maps
- Example: Mailing lists
- Example: MongoDB projections
- Feedback
- Credits

## Building Postfix with MongoDB support

These instructions assume that you build Postfix from source code as described in the INSTALL document. Some modification may be required if you build Postfix from a vendor-specific source package.

The Postfix MongoDB client requires the mongo-c-driver library. This can be built from source code from the mongod-c project, or this can be installed as a binary package from your OS distribution, typically named mongo-c-driver, mongo-c-driver-devel or libmongoc-dev. Installing the mongo-c-driver library may also install libbson as a dependency.

To build Postfix with mongodb map support, add to the CCARGS environment variable the options -DHAS_MONGODB and -I for the directory containing the mongodb headers, and specify the AUXLIBS_MONGODB with the libmongoc and libbson libraries, for example:

>     % make tidy
>     % make -f Makefile.init makefiles \
>         CCARGS="$CCARGS -DHAS_MONGODB -I/usr/include/libmongoc-1.0 \
>         -I/usr/include/libbson-1.0" \
>         AUXLIBS_MONGODB="-lmongoc-1.0 -lbson-1.0"

The 'make tidy' command is needed only if you have previously built Postfix without MongoDB support.

If your MongoDB shared library is in a directory that the RUN-TIME linker does not know about, add a "-Wl,-R,/path/to/directory" option after "-lbson-1.0". Then, just run 'make'.

## Configuring MongoDB lookups

In order to use MongoDB lookups, define a MongoDB source as a table lookup in main.cf, for example:

>     alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases, proxy:mongodb:/etc/postfix/mongo-aliases.cf

The file /etc/postfix/mongo-aliases.cf can specify a number of parameters. For a complete description, see the mongodb_table(5) manual page.

## Example: virtual(5) alias maps

Here's a basic example for using MongoDB to look up virtual(5) aliases. Assume that in main.cf, you have:

>     virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual_aliases,
>         proxy:mongodb:/etc/postfix/mongo-virtual-aliases.cf

and in mongodb:/etc/postfix/mongo-virtual-aliases.cf you have:

>     uri = mongodb+srv://user_name:password@some_server
>     dbname = mail
>     collection = mailbox
>     query_filter = {"$or": [{"username":"%s"}, {"alias.address": "%s"}], "active": 1}
>     result_attribute = username

This example assumes mailbox names are stored in a MongoDB backend, in a format like:

>     { "username": "user@example.com",
>       "alias": [
>         {"address": "admin@example.com"},
>         {"address": "abuse@example.com"}
>       ],
>       "active": 1
>     }

Upon receiving mail for "admin@example.com" that isn't found in the /etc/postfix/virtual_aliases database, Postfix will search the MongoDB server/cluster listening at port 27017 on some_server. It will connect using the provided credentials, and search for any entries whose username is, or alias field has "admin@example.com". It will return the username attribute of those found, and build a list of their email addresses.

Notes:

- As with projection (see below), the Postfix mongodb client automatically removes the top-level '_id' field from a result_attribute result.

- The Postfix mongodb client will only parse result fields with data types UTF8, INT32, INT64 and ARRAY. Other fields will be ignored, with a warning in the logs.

## Example: Mailing lists

When it comes to mailing lists, one way of implementing one would be as below:

>     { "name": "dev@example.com", "active": 1, "address":
>       [ "hamid@example.com", "wietse@example.com", "viktor@example.com" ] }

using the filter below, will result in a comma separated string with all email addresses in this list.

>     query_filter = {"name": "%s", "active": 1}
>     result_attribute = address

Notes:

- As with projection (see below), the Postfix mongodb client automatically removes the top-level '_id' field from a result_attribute result.

- The Postfix mongodb client will only parse result fields with data types UTF8, INT32, INT64 and ARRAY. Other fields will be ignored, with a warning in the logs.

## Example: advanced projections

This module also supports the use of more complex MongoDB projections. There may be some use cases where operations such as concatenation are necessary to be performed on the data retrieved from the database. Although it is encouraged to keep the database design simple enough so this is not necessary, postfix supports the use of MongoDB projections to achieve the goal.

Consider the example below:

>     { "username": "user@example.com",
>       "local_part": "user",
>       "domain": "example.com",
>       "alias": [
>         {"address": "admin@example.com"},
>         {"address": "abuse@example.com"}
>       ],
>       "active": 1
>     }

virtual_mailbox_maps can be created using below parameters in a mongodb:/etc/postfix/mongo-virtual-mailboxes.cf file:

>     uri = mongodb+srv://user_name:password@some_server
>     dbname = mail
>     collection = mailbox
>     query_filter = {"$or": [{"username":"%s"}, {"alias.address": "%s"}], "active": 1}
>     projection = { "mail_path": {"$concat": ["$domain", "/", "$local_part"]} }

This will return 'example.com/user' path built from the database fields.

A couple of considerations when using projections:

- As with result_attribute, the Postfix mongodb client automatically removes the top-level '_id' field from a projection result.

- The Postfix mongodb client will only parse fields with data types UTF8, INT32, INT64 and ARRAY. Other fields will be ignored, with a warning in the logs. It is suggested to exclude any unnecessary fields when using a projection.

## Feedback

If you have questions, send them to postfix-users@postfix.org. Please include relevant information about your Postfix setup: MongoDB-related output from postconf, which libraries you built with, and such. If your question involves your database contents, please include the applicable bits of some database entries.

## Credits

- Stephan Ferraro (Aionda GmbH) implemented an early version of the Postfix MongoDB client.
- Hamid Maadani (Dextrous Technologies, LLC) added support for projections and %letter interpolation, and added documentation.
- Wietse Venema adopted and restructured the code and documentation.