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mirror of https://gitlab.isc.org/isc-projects/bind9 synced 2025-08-30 22:15:20 +00:00

[master] renumber chapters now that the former chapter 5 is gone

This commit is contained in:
Evan Hunt
2018-01-23 17:52:04 +00:00
parent 6b83f7aa82
commit 8d9433bf4f
53 changed files with 16901 additions and 16987 deletions

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@@ -2455,7 +2455,7 @@ $ORIGIN 0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.8.b.d.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.arpa.
</section>
</chapter>
<chapter xml:id="Bv9ARM.ch06"><info><title><acronym>BIND</acronym> 9 Configuration Reference</title></info>
<chapter xml:id="Bv9ARM.ch05"><info><title><acronym>BIND</acronym> 9 Configuration Reference</title></info>
<para>
<acronym>BIND</acronym> 9 configuration is broadly similar
@@ -16578,7 +16578,7 @@ HOST-127.EXAMPLE. MX 0 .
</section>
</chapter>
<chapter xml:id="Bv9ARM.ch07"><info><title><acronym>BIND</acronym> 9 Security Considerations</title></info>
<chapter xml:id="Bv9ARM.ch06"><info><title><acronym>BIND</acronym> 9 Security Considerations</title></info>
<section xml:id="Access_Control_Lists"><info><title>Access Control Lists</title></info>
@@ -16902,7 +16902,7 @@ allow-query { !{ !10/8; any; }; key example; };
</section>
</chapter>
<chapter xml:id="Bv9ARM.ch08"><info><title>Troubleshooting</title></info>
<chapter xml:id="Bv9ARM.ch07"><info><title>Troubleshooting</title></info>
<section xml:id="common_problems"><info><title>Common Problems</title></info>
@@ -16973,11 +16973,11 @@ allow-query { !{ !10/8; any; }; key example; };
</section>
</chapter>
<appendix xml:id="Bv9ARM.ch09"><info><title>Release Notes</title></info>
<appendix xml:id="Bv9ARM.ch08"><info><title>Release Notes</title></info>
<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="notes.xml"/>
</appendix>
<appendix xml:id="Bv9ARM.ch10"><info><title>A Brief History of the <acronym>DNS</acronym> and <acronym>BIND</acronym></title></info>
<appendix xml:id="Bv9ARM.ch09"><info><title>A Brief History of the <acronym>DNS</acronym> and <acronym>BIND</acronym></title></info>
<para xml:id="historical_dns_information">
Although the "official" beginning of the Domain Name
System occurred in 1984 with the publication of RFC 920, the
@@ -17075,7 +17075,7 @@ allow-query { !{ !10/8; any; }; key example; };
</para>
</appendix>
<appendix xml:id="Bv9ARM.ch11"><info><title>General <acronym>DNS</acronym> Reference Information</title></info>
<appendix xml:id="Bv9ARM.ch10"><info><title>General <acronym>DNS</acronym> Reference Information</title></info>
<section xml:id="ipv6addresses"><info><title>IPv6 addresses (AAAA)</title></info>
@@ -17924,11 +17924,11 @@ allow-query { !{ !10/8; any; }; key example; };
</section>
</appendix>
<appendix xml:id="Bv9ARM.ch12"><info><title>BIND 9 DNS Library Support</title></info>
<appendix xml:id="Bv9ARM.ch11"><info><title>BIND 9 DNS Library Support</title></info>
<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="libdns.xml"/>
</appendix>
<reference xml:id="Bv9ARM.ch13"><info><title>Manual pages</title></info>
<reference xml:id="Bv9ARM.ch12"><info><title>Manual pages</title></info>
<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="../../bin/tools/arpaname.docbook"/>
<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="../../bin/confgen/ddns-confgen.docbook"/>
<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="../../bin/delv/delv.docbook"/>

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@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> version 9 software package for
system administrators.
</p>
<p>This version of the manual corresponds to BIND version 9.13.</p>
<p>This version of the manual corresponds to BIND version 9.12.</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
@@ -316,13 +316,13 @@
The data associated with each domain name is stored in the
form of <span class="emphasis"><em>resource records</em></span> (<acronym class="acronym">RR</acronym>s).
Some of the supported resource record types are described in
<a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#types_of_resource_records_and_when_to_use_them" title="Types of Resource Records and When to Use Them">the section called &#8220;Types of Resource Records and When to Use Them&#8221;</a>.
<a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#types_of_resource_records_and_when_to_use_them" title="Types of Resource Records and When to Use Them">the section called &#8220;Types of Resource Records and When to Use Them&#8221;</a>.
</p>
<p>
For more detailed information about the design of the DNS and
the DNS protocol, please refer to the standards documents listed in
<a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch11.html#rfcs" title="Request for Comments (RFCs)">the section called &#8220;Request for Comments (RFCs)&#8221;</a>.
<a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch10.html#rfcs" title="Request for Comments (RFCs)">the section called &#8220;Request for Comments (RFCs)&#8221;</a>.
</p>
</div>
@@ -614,6 +614,6 @@
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<p xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" style="text-align: center;">BIND 9.13.0-dev</p>
<p xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" style="text-align: center;">BIND 9.12.1-dev</p>
</body>
</html>

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@@ -146,6 +146,6 @@
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<p xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" style="text-align: center;">BIND 9.13.0-dev</p>
<p xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" style="text-align: center;">BIND 9.12.1-dev</p>
</body>
</html>

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@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ zone "eng.example.com" {
For more detail on ordering responses, check the
<span class="command"><strong>rrset-order</strong></span> sub-statement in the
<span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> statement, see
<a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#rrset_ordering" title="RRset Ordering">RRset Ordering</a>.
<a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#rrset_ordering" title="RRset Ordering">RRset Ordering</a>.
</p>
</div>
@@ -541,7 +541,7 @@ zone "eng.example.com" {
generated by
running <span class="command"><strong>rndc-confgen -a</strong></span> as
described in
<a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_statement_definition_and_usage" title="controls Statement Definition and Usage">the section called &#8220;<span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
<a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#controls_statement_definition_and_usage" title="controls Statement Definition and Usage">the section called &#8220;<span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
Usage&#8221;</a>.
</p>
@@ -759,6 +759,6 @@ controls {
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<p xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" style="text-align: center;">BIND 9.13.0-dev</p>
<p xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" style="text-align: center;">BIND 9.12.1-dev</p>
</body>
</html>

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@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
<link rel="home" href="Bv9ARM.html" title="BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual">
<link rel="up" href="Bv9ARM.html" title="BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual">
<link rel="prev" href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html" title="Chapter<65>3.<2E>Name Server Configuration">
<link rel="next" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html" title="Chapter<65>5.<2E>BIND 9 Configuration Reference">
<link rel="next" href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html" title="Chapter<65>5.<2E>BIND 9 Configuration Reference">
</head>
<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
<div class="navheader">
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
<td width="20%" align="left">
<a accesskey="p" href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html">Prev</a><EFBFBD></td>
<th width="60%" align="center"><EFBFBD></th>
<td width="20%" align="right"><EFBFBD><a accesskey="n" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html">Next</a>
<td width="20%" align="right"><EFBFBD><a accesskey="n" href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html">Next</a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
@@ -127,9 +127,9 @@
<p>
For more information about <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>
<span class="command"><strong>NOTIFY</strong></span>, see the description of the
<span class="command"><strong>notify</strong></span> option in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called &#8220;Boolean Options&#8221;</a> and
<span class="command"><strong>notify</strong></span> option in <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#boolean_options" title="Boolean Options">the section called &#8220;Boolean Options&#8221;</a> and
the description of the zone option <span class="command"><strong>also-notify</strong></span> in
<a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called &#8220;Zone Transfers&#8221;</a>. The <span class="command"><strong>NOTIFY</strong></span>
<a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#zone_transfers" title="Zone Transfers">the section called &#8220;Zone Transfers&#8221;</a>. The <span class="command"><strong>NOTIFY</strong></span>
protocol is specified in RFC 1996.
</p>
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@
<strong class="userinput"><code>local</code></strong>, updates to the zone
will be permitted for the key <code class="varname">local-ddns</code>,
which will be generated by <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> at startup.
See <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#dynamic_update_policies" title="Dynamic Update Policies">the section called &#8220;Dynamic Update Policies&#8221;</a> for more details.
See <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#dynamic_update_policies" title="Dynamic Update Policies">the section called &#8220;Dynamic Update Policies&#8221;</a> for more details.
</p>
<p>
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@
The incremental zone transfer (IXFR) protocol is a way for
slave servers to transfer only changed data, instead of having to
transfer the entire zone. The IXFR protocol is specified in RFC
1995. See <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch11.html#proposed_standards" title="Proposed Standards">Proposed Standards</a>.
1995. See <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch10.html#proposed_standards" title="Proposed Standards">Proposed Standards</a>.
</p>
<p>
@@ -769,7 +769,7 @@ allow-update { !{ !localnets; any; }; key host1-host2. ;};
<span class="command"><strong>host1-host2.</strong></span> key.
</p>
<p>
See <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#dynamic_update_policies" title="Dynamic Update Policies">the section called &#8220;Dynamic Update Policies&#8221;</a> for a discussion of
See <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#dynamic_update_policies" title="Dynamic Update Policies">the section called &#8220;Dynamic Update Policies&#8221;</a> for a discussion of
the more flexible <span class="command"><strong>update-policy</strong></span> statement.
</p>
</div>
@@ -1522,7 +1522,7 @@ options {
maintain a trust anchor, configure the trust anchor using a
<span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> statement. Information about
this can be found in
<a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#managed-keys" title="managed-keys Statement Definition and Usage">the section called &#8220;<span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
<a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#managed-keys" title="managed-keys Statement Definition and Usage">the section called &#8220;<span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
and Usage&#8221;</a>.</p>
</div>
@@ -2802,7 +2802,7 @@ allow-query.5960775ba382e7a4e09263fc06e7c00569b6a05c.zones.catalog.example. IN A
<p>
For an overview of the format and structure of IPv6 addresses,
see <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch11.html#ipv6addresses" title="IPv6 addresses (AAAA)">the section called &#8220;IPv6 addresses (AAAA)&#8221;</a>.
see <a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch10.html#ipv6addresses" title="IPv6 addresses (AAAA)">the section called &#8220;IPv6 addresses (AAAA)&#8221;</a>.
</p>
<div class="section">
@@ -2857,7 +2857,7 @@ $ORIGIN 0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.8.b.d.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.arpa.
<td width="40%" align="left">
<a accesskey="p" href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html">Prev</a><EFBFBD></td>
<td width="20%" align="center"><EFBFBD></td>
<td width="40%" align="right"><EFBFBD><a accesskey="n" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html">Next</a>
<td width="40%" align="right"><EFBFBD><a accesskey="n" href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html">Next</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
@@ -2867,6 +2867,6 @@ $ORIGIN 0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.8.b.d.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.arpa.
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<p xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" style="text-align: center;">BIND 9.13.0-dev</p>
<p xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" style="text-align: center;">BIND 9.12.1-dev</p>
</body>
</html>

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@@ -9,17 +9,17 @@
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Chapter<EFBFBD>6.<2E>BIND 9 Security Considerations</title>
<title>Chapter<EFBFBD>7.<2E>Troubleshooting</title>
<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.78.1">
<link rel="home" href="Bv9ARM.html" title="BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual">
<link rel="up" href="Bv9ARM.html" title="BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual">
<link rel="prev" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html" title="Chapter<65>5.<2E>BIND 9 Configuration Reference">
<link rel="next" href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html" title="Chapter<EFBFBD>7.<2E>Troubleshooting">
<link rel="prev" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html" title="Chapter<65>6.<2E>BIND 9 Security Considerations">
<link rel="next" href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html" title="Appendix<EFBFBD>A.<2E>Release Notes">
</head>
<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
<div class="navheader">
<table width="100%" summary="Navigation header">
<tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter<EFBFBD>6.<2E><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Security Considerations</th></tr>
<tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter<EFBFBD>7.<2E>Troubleshooting</th></tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%" align="left">
<a accesskey="p" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html">Prev</a><EFBFBD></td>
@@ -32,355 +32,92 @@
</div>
<div class="chapter">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">
<a name="Bv9ARM.ch07"></a>Chapter<EFBFBD>6.<2E><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Security Considerations</h1></div></div></div>
<a name="Bv9ARM.ch07"></a>Chapter<EFBFBD>7.<2E>Troubleshooting</h1></div></div></div>
<div class="toc">
<p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>
<dl class="toc">
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#Access_Control_Lists">Access Control Lists</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#chroot_and_setuid"><span class="command"><strong>Chroot</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>Setuid</strong></span></a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#chroot">The <span class="command"><strong>chroot</strong></span> Environment</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#setuid">Using the <span class="command"><strong>setuid</strong></span> Function</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#dynamic_update_security">Dynamic Update Security</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#common_problems">Common Problems</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#id-1.8.2.2">It's not working; how can I figure out what's wrong?</a></span></dt></dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#id-1.8.3">Incrementing and Changing the Serial Number</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#more_help">Where Can I Get Help?</a></span></dt>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
<a name="Access_Control_Lists"></a>Access Control Lists</h2></div></div></div>
<p>
Access Control Lists (ACLs) are address match lists that
you can set up and nickname for future use in
<span class="command"><strong>allow-notify</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>allow-query</strong></span>,
<span class="command"><strong>allow-query-on</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>allow-recursion</strong></span>,
<span class="command"><strong>blackhole</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>allow-transfer</strong></span>,
<span class="command"><strong>match-clients</strong></span>, etc.
</p>
<p>
Using ACLs allows you to have finer control over who can access
your name server, without cluttering up your config files with huge
lists of IP addresses.
</p>
<p>
It is a <span class="emphasis"><em>good idea</em></span> to use ACLs, and to
control access to your server. Limiting access to your server by
outside parties can help prevent spoofing and denial of service
(DoS) attacks against your server.
</p>
<p>
ACLs match clients on the basis of up to three characteristics:
1) The client's IP address; 2) the TSIG or SIG(0) key that was
used to sign the request, if any; and 3) an address prefix
encoded in an EDNS Client Subnet option, if any.
</p>
<p>
Here is an example of ACLs based on client addresses:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
// Set up an ACL named "bogusnets" that will block
// RFC1918 space and some reserved space, which is
// commonly used in spoofing attacks.
acl bogusnets {
0.0.0.0/8; 192.0.2.0/24; 224.0.0.0/3;
10.0.0.0/8; 172.16.0.0/12; 192.168.0.0/16;
};
// Set up an ACL called our-nets. Replace this with the
// real IP numbers.
acl our-nets { x.x.x.x/24; x.x.x.x/21; };
options {
...
...
allow-query { our-nets; };
allow-recursion { our-nets; };
...
blackhole { bogusnets; };
...
};
zone "example.com" {
type master;
file "m/example.com";
allow-query { any; };
};
</pre>
<p>
This allows authoritative queries for "example.com" from any
address, but recursive queries only from the networks specified
in "our-nets", and no queries at all from the networks
specified in "bogusnets".
</p>
<p>
In addition to network addresses and prefixes, which are
matched against the source address of the DNS request, ACLs
may include <code class="option">key</code> elements, which specify the
name of a TSIG or SIG(0) key, or <code class="option">ecs</code>
elements, which specify a network prefix but are only matched
if that prefix matches an EDNS client subnet option included
in the request.
</p>
<p>
The EDNS Client Subnet (ECS) option is used by a recursive
resolver to inform an authoritative name server of the network
address block from which the original query was received, enabling
authoritative servers to give different answers to the same
resolver for different resolver clients. An ACL containing
an element of the form
<span class="command"><strong>ecs <em class="replaceable"><code>prefix</code></em></strong></span>
will match if a request arrives in containing an ECS option
encoding an address within that prefix. If the request has no
ECS option, then "ecs" elements are simply ignored. Addresses
in ACLs that are not prefixed with "ecs" are matched only
against the source address.
</p>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<h3 class="title">Note</h3>
<p>
(Note: The authoritative ECS implementation in
<span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> is based on an early version of the
specification, and is known to have incompatibilities with
other implementations. It is also inefficient, requiring
a separate view for each client subnet to be sent different
answers, and it is unable to correct for overlapping subnets in
the configuration. It can be used for testing purposes, but is
not recommended for production use.)
</p>
</div>
<p>
When <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 is built with GeoIP support,
ACLs can also be used for geographic access restrictions.
This is done by specifying an ACL element of the form:
<span class="command"><strong>geoip [<span class="optional">db <em class="replaceable"><code>database</code></em></span>] <em class="replaceable"><code>field</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em></strong></span>
</p>
<p>
The <em class="replaceable"><code>field</code></em> indicates which field
to search for a match. Available fields are "country",
"region", "city", "continent", "postal" (postal code),
"metro" (metro code), "area" (area code), "tz" (timezone),
"isp", "org", "asnum", "domain" and "netspeed".
</p>
<p>
<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> is the value to search
for within the database. A string may be quoted if it
contains spaces or other special characters. If this is
an "asnum" search, then the leading "ASNNNN" string can be
used, otherwise the full description must be used (e.g.
"ASNNNN Example Company Name"). If this is a "country"
search and the string is two characters long, then it must
be a standard ISO-3166-1 two-letter country code, and if it
is three characters long then it must be an ISO-3166-1
three-letter country code; otherwise it is the full name
of the country. Similarly, if this is a "region" search
and the string is two characters long, then it must be a
standard two-letter state or province abbreviation;
otherwise it is the full name of the state or province.
</p>
<p>
The <em class="replaceable"><code>database</code></em> field indicates which
GeoIP database to search for a match. In most cases this is
unnecessary, because most search fields can only be found in
a single database. However, searches for country can be
answered from the "city", "region", or "country" databases,
and searches for region (i.e., state or province) can be
answered from the "city" or "region" databases. For these
search types, specifying a <em class="replaceable"><code>database</code></em>
will force the query to be answered from that database and no
other. If <em class="replaceable"><code>database</code></em> is not
specified, then these queries will be answered from the "city",
database if it is installed, or the "region" database if it is
installed, or the "country" database, in that order.
</p>
<p>
By default, if a DNS query includes an EDNS Client Subnet (ECS)
option which encodes a non-zero address prefix, then GeoIP ACLs
will be matched against that address prefix. Otherwise, they
are matched against the source address of the query. To
prevent GeoIP ACLs from matching against ECS options, set
the <span class="command"><strong>geoip-use-ecs</strong></span> to <code class="literal">no</code>.
</p>
<p>
Some example GeoIP ACLs:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">geoip country US;
geoip country JAP;
geoip db country country Canada;
geoip db region region WA;
geoip city "San Francisco";
geoip region Oklahoma;
geoip postal 95062;
geoip tz "America/Los_Angeles";
geoip org "Internet Systems Consortium";
</pre>
<p>
ACLs use a "first-match" logic rather than "best-match":
if an address prefix matches an ACL element, then that ACL
is considered to have matched even if a later element would
have matched more specifically. For example, the ACL
<span class="command"><strong> { 10/8; !10.0.0.1; }</strong></span> would actually
match a query from 10.0.0.1, because the first element
indicated that the query should be accepted, and the second
element is ignored.
</p>
<p>
When using "nested" ACLs (that is, ACLs included or referenced
within other ACLs), a negative match of a nested ACL will
the containing ACL to continue looking for matches. This
enables complex ACLs to be constructed, in which multiple
client characteristics can be checked at the same time. For
example, to construct an ACL which allows queries only when
it originates from a particular network <span class="emphasis"><em>and</em></span>
only when it is signed with a particular key, use:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
allow-query { !{ !10/8; any; }; key example; };
</pre>
<p>
Within the nested ACL, any address that is
<span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> in the 10/8 network prefix will
be rejected, and this will terminate processing of the
ACL. Any address that <span class="emphasis"><em>is</em></span> in the 10/8
network prefix will be accepted, but this causes a negative
match of the nested ACL, so the containing ACL continues
processing. The query will then be accepted if it is signed
by the key "example", and rejected otherwise. The ACL, then,
will only matches when <span class="emphasis"><em>both</em></span> conditions
are true.
</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
<a name="chroot_and_setuid"></a><span class="command"><strong>Chroot</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>Setuid</strong></span>
</h2></div></div></div>
<p>
On UNIX servers, it is possible to run <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
in a <span class="emphasis"><em>chrooted</em></span> environment (using
the <span class="command"><strong>chroot()</strong></span> function) by specifying
the <code class="option">-t</code> option for <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>.
This can help improve system security by placing
<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> in a "sandbox", which will limit
the damage done if a server is compromised.
</p>
<p>
Another useful feature in the UNIX version of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> is the
ability to run the daemon as an unprivileged user ( <code class="option">-u</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em> ).
We suggest running as an unprivileged user when using the <span class="command"><strong>chroot</strong></span> feature.
</p>
<p>
Here is an example command line to load <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> in a <span class="command"><strong>chroot</strong></span> sandbox,
<span class="command"><strong>/var/named</strong></span>, and to run <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> <span class="command"><strong>setuid</strong></span> to
user 202:
</p>
<p>
<strong class="userinput"><code>/usr/local/sbin/named -u 202 -t /var/named</code></strong>
</p>
<a name="common_problems"></a>Common Problems</h2></div></div></div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="chroot"></a>The <span class="command"><strong>chroot</strong></span> Environment</h3></div></div></div>
<a name="id-1.8.2.2"></a>It's not working; how can I figure out what's wrong?</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
In order for a <span class="command"><strong>chroot</strong></span> environment
to work properly in a particular directory (for example,
<code class="filename">/var/named</code>), you will need to set
up an environment that includes everything
<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> needs to run. From
<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>'s point of view,
<code class="filename">/var/named</code> is the root of the
filesystem. You will need to adjust the values of
options like <span class="command"><strong>directory</strong></span> and
<span class="command"><strong>pid-file</strong></span> to account for this.
The best solution to solving installation and
configuration issues is to take preventative measures by setting
up logging files beforehand. The log files provide a
source of hints and information that can be used to figure out
what went wrong and how to fix the problem.
</p>
<p>
Unlike with earlier versions of BIND, you typically will
<span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> need to compile <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
statically nor install shared libraries under the new root.
However, depending on your operating system, you may need
to set up things like
<code class="filename">/dev/zero</code>,
<code class="filename">/dev/random</code>,
<code class="filename">/dev/log</code>, and
<code class="filename">/etc/localtime</code>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="setuid"></a>Using the <span class="command"><strong>setuid</strong></span> Function</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
Prior to running the <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> daemon,
use
the <span class="command"><strong>touch</strong></span> utility (to change file
access and
modification times) or the <span class="command"><strong>chown</strong></span>
utility (to
set the user id and/or group id) on files
to which you want <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
to write.
</p>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<h3 class="title">Note</h3>
<p>
If the <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> daemon is running as an
unprivileged user, it will not be able to bind to new restricted
ports if the server is reloaded.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
<a name="dynamic_update_security"></a>Dynamic Update Security</h2></div></div></div>
<a name="id-1.8.3"></a>Incrementing and Changing the Serial Number</h2></div></div></div>
<p>
Access to the dynamic
update facility should be strictly limited. In earlier versions of
<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>, the only way to do this was
based on the IP
address of the host requesting the update, by listing an IP address
or
network prefix in the <span class="command"><strong>allow-update</strong></span>
zone option.
This method is insecure since the source address of the update UDP
packet
is easily forged. Also note that if the IP addresses allowed by the
<span class="command"><strong>allow-update</strong></span> option include the
address of a slave
server which performs forwarding of dynamic updates, the master can
be
trivially attacked by sending the update to the slave, which will
forward it to the master with its own source IP address causing the
master to approve it without question.
Zone serial numbers are just numbers &#8212; they aren't
date related. A lot of people set them to a number that
represents a date, usually of the form YYYYMMDDRR.
Occasionally they will make a mistake and set them to a
"date in the future" then try to correct them by setting
them to the "current date". This causes problems because
serial numbers are used to indicate that a zone has been
updated. If the serial number on the slave server is
lower than the serial number on the master, the slave
server will attempt to update its copy of the zone.
</p>
<p>
For these reasons, we strongly recommend that updates be
cryptographically authenticated by means of transaction signatures
(TSIG). That is, the <span class="command"><strong>allow-update</strong></span>
option should
list only TSIG key names, not IP addresses or network
prefixes. Alternatively, the new <span class="command"><strong>update-policy</strong></span>
option can be used.
Setting the serial number to a lower number on the master
server than the slave server means that the slave will not perform
updates to its copy of the zone.
</p>
<p>
Some sites choose to keep all dynamically-updated DNS data
in a subdomain and delegate that subdomain to a separate zone. This
way, the top-level zone containing critical data such as the IP
addresses
of public web and mail servers need not allow dynamic update at
all.
The solution to this is to add 2147483647 (2^31-1) to the
number, reload the zone and make sure all slaves have updated to
the new zone serial number, then reset the number to what you want
it to be, and reload the zone again.
</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
<a name="more_help"></a>Where Can I Get Help?</h2></div></div></div>
<p>
The Internet Systems Consortium
(<acronym class="acronym">ISC</acronym>) offers a wide range
of support and service agreements for <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> and <acronym class="acronym">DHCP</acronym> servers. Four
levels of premium support are available and each level includes
support for all <acronym class="acronym">ISC</acronym> programs,
significant discounts on products
and training, and a recognized priority on bug fixes and
non-funded feature requests. In addition, <acronym class="acronym">ISC</acronym> offers a standard
support agreement package which includes services ranging from bug
fix announcements to remote support. It also includes training in
<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> and <acronym class="acronym">DHCP</acronym>.
</p>
<p>
To discuss arrangements for support, contact
<a class="link" href="mailto:info@isc.org" target="_top">info@isc.org</a> or visit the
<acronym class="acronym">ISC</acronym> web page at
<a class="link" href="http://www.isc.org/services/support/" target="_top">http://www.isc.org/services/support/</a>
to read more.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="navfooter">
<hr>
@@ -393,12 +130,12 @@ allow-query { !{ !10/8; any; }; key example; };
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter<EFBFBD>5.<2E><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Configuration Reference<EFBFBD></td>
<td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter<EFBFBD>6.<2E><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Security Considerations<EFBFBD></td>
<td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="Bv9ARM.html">Home</a></td>
<td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"><EFBFBD>Chapter<EFBFBD>7.<2E>Troubleshooting</td>
<td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"><EFBFBD>Appendix<EFBFBD>A.<2E>Release Notes</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<p xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" style="text-align: center;">BIND 9.13.0-dev</p>
<p xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" style="text-align: center;">BIND 9.12.1-dev</p>
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@@ -30,94 +30,171 @@
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<hr>
</div>
<div class="chapter">
<div class="appendix">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">
<a name="Bv9ARM.ch08"></a>Chapter<EFBFBD>7.<2E>Troubleshooting</h1></div></div></div>
<a name="Bv9ARM.ch08"></a>Release Notes</h1></div></div></div>
<div class="toc">
<p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>
<dl class="toc">
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#common_problems">Common Problems</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#id-1.8.2.2">It's not working; how can I figure out what's wrong?</a></span></dt></dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#id-1.8.3">Incrementing and Changing the Serial Number</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#more_help">Where Can I Get Help?</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#id-1.9.2">Release Notes for BIND Version 9.12.1-dev</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#relnotes_intro">Introduction</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#relnotes_download">Download</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#relnotes_security">Security Fixes</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#relnotes_features">New Features</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#relnotes_removed">Removed Features</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#relnotes_changes">Feature Changes</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#relnotes_bugs">Bug Fixes</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#relnotes_license">License</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#end_of_life">End of Life</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#relnotes_thanks">Thank You</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
<a name="common_problems"></a>Common Problems</h2></div></div></div>
<div class="section">
<a name="id-1.9.2"></a>Release Notes for BIND Version 9.12.1-dev</h2></div></div></div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="id-1.8.2.2"></a>It's not working; how can I figure out what's wrong?</h3></div></div></div>
<a name="relnotes_intro"></a>Introduction</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
BIND 9.13 is unstable development release of BIND.
This document summarizes new features and functional changes that
have been introduced on this branch. With each development
release leading up to the stable BIND 9.14 release, this document
will be updated with additional features added and bugs fixed.
</p>
</div>
<p>
The best solution to solving installation and
configuration issues is to take preventative measures by setting
up logging files beforehand. The log files provide a
source of hints and information that can be used to figure out
what went wrong and how to fix the problem.
</p>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="relnotes_download"></a>Download</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
The latest versions of BIND 9 software can always be found at
<a class="link" href="http://www.isc.org/downloads/" target="_top">http://www.isc.org/downloads/</a>.
There you will find additional information about each release,
source code, and pre-compiled versions for Microsoft Windows
operating systems.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
<a name="id-1.8.3"></a>Incrementing and Changing the Serial Number</h2></div></div></div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="relnotes_security"></a>Security Fixes</h3></div></div></div>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
<p>
Addresses could be referenced after being freed during resolver
processing, causing an assertion failure. The chances of this
happening were remote, but the introduction of a delay in
resolution increased them. This bug is disclosed in
CVE-2017-3145. [RT #46839]
</p>
</li></ul></div>
</div>
<p>
Zone serial numbers are just numbers &#8212; they aren't
date related. A lot of people set them to a number that
represents a date, usually of the form YYYYMMDDRR.
Occasionally they will make a mistake and set them to a
"date in the future" then try to correct them by setting
them to the "current date". This causes problems because
serial numbers are used to indicate that a zone has been
updated. If the serial number on the slave server is
lower than the serial number on the master, the slave
server will attempt to update its copy of the zone.
</p>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="relnotes_features"></a>New Features</h3></div></div></div>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
<p>
None.
</p>
</li></ul></div>
</div>
<p>
Setting the serial number to a lower number on the master
server than the slave server means that the slave will not perform
updates to its copy of the zone.
</p>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="relnotes_removed"></a>Removed Features</h3></div></div></div>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
<p>
<span class="command"><strong>dnssec-keygen</strong></span> can no longer generate HMAC
keys for TSIG authentication. Use <span class="command"><strong>tsig-keygen</strong></span>
to generate these keys. [RT #46404]
</p>
</li></ul></div>
</div>
<p>
The solution to this is to add 2147483647 (2^31-1) to the
number, reload the zone and make sure all slaves have updated to
the new zone serial number, then reset the number to what you want
it to be, and reload the zone again.
</p>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="relnotes_changes"></a>Feature Changes</h3></div></div></div>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
<p>
Zone types <span class="command"><strong>primary</strong></span> and
<span class="command"><strong>secondary</strong></span> are now available as synonyms for
<span class="command"><strong>master</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>slave</strong></span>,
respectively, in <code class="filename">named.conf</code>.
</p>
</li></ul></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
<a name="more_help"></a>Where Can I Get Help?</h2></div></div></div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="relnotes_bugs"></a>Bug Fixes</h3></div></div></div>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
<p>
Attempting to validate improperly unsigned CNAME responses
from secure zones could cause a validator loop. This caused
a delay in returning SERVFAIL and also increased the chances
of encountering the crash bug described in CVE-2017-3145.
[RT #46839]
</p>
</li></ul></div>
</div>
<p>
The Internet Systems Consortium
(<acronym class="acronym">ISC</acronym>) offers a wide range
of support and service agreements for <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> and <acronym class="acronym">DHCP</acronym> servers. Four
levels of premium support are available and each level includes
support for all <acronym class="acronym">ISC</acronym> programs,
significant discounts on products
and training, and a recognized priority on bug fixes and
non-funded feature requests. In addition, <acronym class="acronym">ISC</acronym> offers a standard
support agreement package which includes services ranging from bug
fix announcements to remote support. It also includes training in
<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> and <acronym class="acronym">DHCP</acronym>.
</p>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="relnotes_license"></a>License</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
BIND is open source software licenced under the terms of the Mozilla
Public License, version 2.0 (see the <code class="filename">LICENSE</code>
file for the full text).
</p>
<p>
The license requires that if you make changes to BIND and distribute
them outside your organization, those changes must be published under
the same license. It does not require that you publish or disclose
anything other than the changes you have made to our software. This
requirement does not affect anyone who is using BIND, with or without
modifications, without redistributing it, nor anyone redistributing
BIND without changes.
</p>
<p>
Those wishing to discuss license compliance may contact ISC at
<a class="link" href="https://www.isc.org/mission/contact/" target="_top">
https://www.isc.org/mission/contact/</a>.
</p>
</div>
<p>
To discuss arrangements for support, contact
<a class="link" href="mailto:info@isc.org" target="_top">info@isc.org</a> or visit the
<acronym class="acronym">ISC</acronym> web page at
<a class="link" href="http://www.isc.org/services/support/" target="_top">http://www.isc.org/services/support/</a>
to read more.
</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="end_of_life"></a>End of Life</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
BIND 9.13 is an unstable development branch. When its development
is complete, it will be renamed to BIND 9.14, which will be a
stable branch.
</p>
<p>
The end of life date for BIND 9.14 has not yet been determined.
For those needing long term support, the current Extended Support
Version (ESV) is BIND 9.11, which will be supported until December
2021. See
<a class="link" href="https://www.isc.org/downloads/software-support-policy/" target="_top">https://www.isc.org/downloads/software-support-policy/</a>
for details of ISC's software support policy.
</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="relnotes_thanks"></a>Thank You</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
Thank you to everyone who assisted us in making this release possible.
If you would like to contribute to ISC to assist us in continuing to
make quality open source software, please visit our donations page at
<a class="link" href="http://www.isc.org/donate/" target="_top">http://www.isc.org/donate/</a>.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="navfooter">
<hr>
@@ -130,12 +207,13 @@
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter<EFBFBD>6.<2E><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Security Considerations<EFBFBD></td>
<td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter<EFBFBD>7.<2E>Troubleshooting<EFBFBD></td>
<td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="Bv9ARM.html">Home</a></td>
<td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"><EFBFBD>Appendix<EFBFBD>A.<2E>Release Notes</td>
<td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"><EFBFBD>Appendix<EFBFBD>B.<2E>A Brief History of the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> and <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<p xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" style="text-align: center;">BIND 9.13.0-dev</p>
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<tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Appendix<EFBFBD>B.<2E>A Brief History of the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> and <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%" align="left">
<a accesskey="p" href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html">Prev</a><EFBFBD></td>
@@ -32,169 +33,103 @@
</div>
<div class="appendix">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">
<a name="Bv9ARM.ch09"></a>Release Notes</h1></div></div></div>
<div class="toc">
<p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>
<dl class="toc">
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id-1.9.2">Release Notes for BIND Version 9.13.0-dev</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_intro">Introduction</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_download">Download</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_security">Security Fixes</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_features">New Features</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_removed">Removed Features</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_changes">Feature Changes</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_bugs">Bug Fixes</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_license">License</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#end_of_life">End of Life</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_thanks">Thank You</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
<a name="id-1.9.2"></a>Release Notes for BIND Version 9.13.0-dev</h2></div></div></div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="relnotes_intro"></a>Introduction</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
BIND 9.13 is unstable development release of BIND.
This document summarizes new features and functional changes that
have been introduced on this branch. With each development
release leading up to the stable BIND 9.14 release, this document
will be updated with additional features added and bugs fixed.
</p>
</div>
<a name="Bv9ARM.ch09"></a>A Brief History of the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> and <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
</h1></div></div></div>
<p><a name="historical_dns_information"></a>
Although the "official" beginning of the Domain Name
System occurred in 1984 with the publication of RFC 920, the
core of the new system was described in 1983 in RFCs 882 and
883. From 1984 to 1987, the ARPAnet (the precursor to today's
Internet) became a testbed of experimentation for developing the
new naming/addressing scheme in a rapidly expanding,
operational network environment. New RFCs were written and
published in 1987 that modified the original documents to
incorporate improvements based on the working model. RFC 1034,
"Domain Names-Concepts and Facilities", and RFC 1035, "Domain
Names-Implementation and Specification" were published and
became the standards upon which all <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> implementations are
built.
</p>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="relnotes_download"></a>Download</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
The latest versions of BIND 9 software can always be found at
<a class="link" href="http://www.isc.org/downloads/" target="_top">http://www.isc.org/downloads/</a>.
There you will find additional information about each release,
source code, and pre-compiled versions for Microsoft Windows
operating systems.
</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="relnotes_security"></a>Security Fixes</h3></div></div></div>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
<p>
Addresses could be referenced after being freed during resolver
processing, causing an assertion failure. The chances of this
happening were remote, but the introduction of a delay in
resolution increased them. This bug is disclosed in
CVE-2017-3145. [RT #46839]
</p>
</li></ul></div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="relnotes_features"></a>New Features</h3></div></div></div>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
<p>
None.
</p>
</li></ul></div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="relnotes_removed"></a>Removed Features</h3></div></div></div>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
<p>
<span class="command"><strong>dnssec-keygen</strong></span> can no longer generate HMAC
keys for TSIG authentication. Use <span class="command"><strong>tsig-keygen</strong></span>
to generate these keys. [RT #46404]
</p>
</li></ul></div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="relnotes_changes"></a>Feature Changes</h3></div></div></div>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
<p>
Zone types <span class="command"><strong>primary</strong></span> and
<span class="command"><strong>secondary</strong></span> are now available as synonyms for
<span class="command"><strong>master</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>slave</strong></span>,
respectively, in <code class="filename">named.conf</code>.
</p>
</li></ul></div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="relnotes_bugs"></a>Bug Fixes</h3></div></div></div>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
<p>
Attempting to validate improperly unsigned CNAME responses
from secure zones could cause a validator loop. This caused
a delay in returning SERVFAIL and also increased the chances
of encountering the crash bug described in CVE-2017-3145.
[RT #46839]
</p>
</li></ul></div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="relnotes_license"></a>License</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
BIND is open source software licenced under the terms of the Mozilla
Public License, version 2.0 (see the <code class="filename">LICENSE</code>
file for the full text).
</p>
<p>
The license requires that if you make changes to BIND and distribute
them outside your organization, those changes must be published under
the same license. It does not require that you publish or disclose
anything other than the changes you have made to our software. This
requirement does not affect anyone who is using BIND, with or without
modifications, without redistributing it, nor anyone redistributing
BIND without changes.
</p>
<p>
Those wishing to discuss license compliance may contact ISC at
<a class="link" href="https://www.isc.org/mission/contact/" target="_top">
https://www.isc.org/mission/contact/</a>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="end_of_life"></a>End of Life</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
BIND 9.13 is an unstable development branch. When its development
is complete, it will be renamed to BIND 9.14, which will be a
stable branch.
</p>
<p>
The end of life date for BIND 9.14 has not yet been determined.
For those needing long term support, the current Extended Support
Version (ESV) is BIND 9.11, which will be supported until December
2021. See
<a class="link" href="https://www.isc.org/downloads/software-support-policy/" target="_top">https://www.isc.org/downloads/software-support-policy/</a>
for details of ISC's software support policy.
</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="relnotes_thanks"></a>Thank You</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
Thank you to everyone who assisted us in making this release possible.
If you would like to contribute to ISC to assist us in continuing to
make quality open source software, please visit our donations page at
<a class="link" href="http://www.isc.org/donate/" target="_top">http://www.isc.org/donate/</a>.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<p>
The first working domain name server, called "Jeeves", was
written in 1983-84 by Paul Mockapetris for operation on DEC
Tops-20
machines located at the University of Southern California's
Information
Sciences Institute (USC-ISI) and SRI International's Network
Information
Center (SRI-NIC). A <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> server for
Unix machines, the Berkeley Internet
Name Domain (<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>) package, was
written soon after by a group of
graduate students at the University of California at Berkeley
under
a grant from the US Defense Advanced Research Projects
Administration
(DARPA).
</p>
<p>
Versions of <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> through
4.8.3 were maintained by the Computer
Systems Research Group (CSRG) at UC Berkeley. Douglas Terry, Mark
Painter, David Riggle and Songnian Zhou made up the initial <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
project team. After that, additional work on the software package
was done by Ralph Campbell. Kevin Dunlap, a Digital Equipment
Corporation
employee on loan to the CSRG, worked on <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> for 2 years, from 1985
to 1987. Many other people also contributed to <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> development
during that time: Doug Kingston, Craig Partridge, Smoot
Carl-Mitchell,
Mike Muuss, Jim Bloom and Mike Schwartz. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> maintenance was subsequently
handled by Mike Karels and <20>ivind Kure.
</p>
<p>
<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> versions 4.9 and 4.9.1 were
released by Digital Equipment
Corporation (now Compaq Computer Corporation). Paul Vixie, then
a DEC employee, became <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>'s
primary caretaker. He was assisted
by Phil Almquist, Robert Elz, Alan Barrett, Paul Albitz, Bryan
Beecher, Andrew
Partan, Andy Cherenson, Tom Limoncelli, Berthold Paffrath, Fuat
Baran, Anant Kumar, Art Harkin, Win Treese, Don Lewis, Christophe
Wolfhugel, and others.
</p>
<p>
In 1994, <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> version 4.9.2 was sponsored by
Vixie Enterprises. Paul
Vixie became <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>'s principal
architect/programmer.
</p>
<p>
<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> versions from 4.9.3 onward
have been developed and maintained
by the Internet Systems Consortium and its predecessor,
the Internet Software Consortium, with support being provided
by ISC's sponsors.
</p>
<p>
As co-architects/programmers, Bob Halley and
Paul Vixie released the first production-ready version of
<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> version 8 in May 1997.
</p>
<p>
BIND version 9 was released in September 2000 and is a
major rewrite of nearly all aspects of the underlying
BIND architecture.
</p>
<p>
BIND versions 4 and 8 are officially deprecated.
No additional development is done
on BIND version 4 or BIND version 8.
</p>
<p>
<acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> development work is made
possible today by the sponsorship
of several corporations, and by the tireless work efforts of
numerous individuals.
</p>
</div>
<div class="navfooter">
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@@ -207,13 +142,12 @@
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter<EFBFBD>7.<2E>Troubleshooting<EFBFBD></td>
<td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Appendix<EFBFBD>A.<2E>Release Notes<EFBFBD></td>
<td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="Bv9ARM.html">Home</a></td>
<td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"><EFBFBD>Appendix<EFBFBD>B.<2E>A Brief History of the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> and <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym>
</td>
<td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"><EFBFBD>Appendix<EFBFBD>C.<2E>General <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Reference Information</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<p xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" style="text-align: center;">BIND 9.13.0-dev</p>
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<div class="appendix">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">
<a name="Bv9ARM.ch12"></a>BIND 9 DNS Library Support</h1></div></div></div>
<div class="reference">
<div class="titlepage">
<div><div><h1 class="title">
<a name="Bv9ARM.ch12"></a>Manual pages</h1></div></div>
<hr>
</div>
<div class="toc">
<p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>
<dl class="toc">
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#bind9.library">BIND 9 DNS Library Support</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id-1.12.2.5">Installation</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id-1.12.2.6">Known Defects/Restrictions</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id-1.12.2.7">The dns.conf File</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id-1.12.2.8">Sample Applications</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id-1.12.2.9">Library References</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.arpaname.html"><span class="application">arpaname</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; translate IP addresses to the corresponding ARPA names</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.ddns-confgen.html"><span class="application">ddns-confgen</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; ddns key generation tool</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.delv.html">delv</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; DNS lookup and validation utility</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dig.html">dig</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; DNS lookup utility</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnssec-cds.html"><span class="application">dnssec-cds</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; change DS records for a child zone based on CDS/CDNSKEY</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnssec-checkds.html"><span class="application">dnssec-checkds</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; DNSSEC delegation consistency checking tool</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnssec-coverage.html"><span class="application">dnssec-coverage</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; checks future DNSKEY coverage for a zone</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnssec-dsfromkey.html"><span class="application">dnssec-dsfromkey</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; DNSSEC DS RR generation tool</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnssec-importkey.html"><span class="application">dnssec-importkey</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; import DNSKEY records from external systems so they can be managed</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnssec-keyfromlabel.html"><span class="application">dnssec-keyfromlabel</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; DNSSEC key generation tool</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnssec-keygen.html"><span class="application">dnssec-keygen</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; DNSSEC key generation tool</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnssec-keymgr.html"><span class="application">dnssec-keymgr</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; Ensures correct DNSKEY coverage for a zone based on a defined policy</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnssec-revoke.html"><span class="application">dnssec-revoke</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; set the REVOKED bit on a DNSSEC key</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnssec-settime.html"><span class="application">dnssec-settime</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; set the key timing metadata for a DNSSEC key</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnssec-signzone.html"><span class="application">dnssec-signzone</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; DNSSEC zone signing tool</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnssec-verify.html"><span class="application">dnssec-verify</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; DNSSEC zone verification tool</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnstap-read.html"><span class="application">dnstap-read</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; print dnstap data in human-readable form</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.genrandom.html"><span class="application">genrandom</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; generate a file containing random data</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.host.html">host</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; DNS lookup utility</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.mdig.html"><span class="application">mdig</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; DNS pipelined lookup utility</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.named-checkconf.html"><span class="application">named-checkconf</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; named configuration file syntax checking tool</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.named-checkzone.html"><span class="application">named-checkzone</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; zone file validity checking or converting tool</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.named-journalprint.html"><span class="application">named-journalprint</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; print zone journal in human-readable form</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.named-nzd2nzf.html"><span class="application">named-nzd2nzf</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212;
Convert an NZD database to NZF text format
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.named-rrchecker.html"><span class="application">named-rrchecker</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; syntax checker for individual DNS resource records</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.named.conf.html"><code class="filename">named.conf</code></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; configuration file for <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.named.html"><span class="application">named</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; Internet domain name server</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.nsec3hash.html"><span class="application">nsec3hash</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; generate NSEC3 hash</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.nslookup.html">nslookup</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; query Internet name servers interactively</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.nsupdate.html"><span class="application">nsupdate</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; Dynamic DNS update utility</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.pkcs11-destroy.html"><span class="application">pkcs11-destroy</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; destroy PKCS#11 objects</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.pkcs11-keygen.html"><span class="application">pkcs11-keygen</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; generate keys on a PKCS#11 device</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.pkcs11-list.html"><span class="application">pkcs11-list</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; list PKCS#11 objects</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.pkcs11-tokens.html"><span class="application">pkcs11-tokens</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; list PKCS#11 available tokens</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.rndc-confgen.html"><span class="application">rndc-confgen</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; rndc key generation tool</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.rndc.conf.html"><code class="filename">rndc.conf</code></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; rndc configuration file</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.rndc.html"><span class="application">rndc</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; name server control utility</span>
</dt>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
<a name="bind9.library"></a>BIND 9 DNS Library Support</h2></div></div></div>
<p>
This version of BIND 9 "exports" its internal libraries so
that they can be used by third-party applications more easily (we
call them "export" libraries in this document). Certain library
functions are altered from specific BIND-only behavior to more generic
behavior when used by other applications; to enable this generic behavior,
the calling program initializes the libraries by calling
<span class="command"><strong>isc_lib_register()</strong></span>.
</p>
<p>
In addition to DNS-related APIs that are used within BIND 9, the
libraries provide the following features:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The "DNS client" module. This is a higher level API that
provides an interface to name resolution, single DNS transaction
with a particular server, and dynamic update. Regarding name
resolution, it supports advanced features such as DNSSEC validation
and caching. This module supports both synchronous and asynchronous
mode.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The "IRS" (Information Retrieval System) library. It provides an
interface to parse the traditional <code class="filename">resolv.conf</code>
file and more advanced, DNS-specific configuration file for the
rest of this package (see the description for the
<code class="filename">dns.conf</code> file below).
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
As part of the IRS library, the standard address-name
mapping functions, <span class="command"><strong>getaddrinfo()</strong></span> and
<span class="command"><strong>getnameinfo()</strong></span>, are provided. They use the
DNSSEC-aware validating resolver backend, and could use other
advanced features of the BIND 9 libraries such as caching. The
<span class="command"><strong>getaddrinfo()</strong></span> function resolves both A
and AAAA RRs concurrently when the address family is
unspecified.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
An experimental framework to support other event
libraries than BIND 9's internal event task system.
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="id-1.12.2.5"></a>Installation</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="screen">
$ <strong class="userinput"><code>make install</code></strong>
</pre>
<p>
Normal installation of BIND will also install library object
and header files. Root privilege is normally required.
</p>
<p>
To see how to build your own application after the installation, see
<code class="filename">lib/samples/Makefile-postinstall.in</code>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="id-1.12.2.6"></a>Known Defects/Restrictions</h3></div></div></div>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The "fixed" RRset order is not (currently) supported in the export
library. If you want to use "fixed" RRset order for, e.g.
<span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> while still building the export library
even without the fixed order support, build them separately:
</p>
<pre class="screen">
$ <strong class="userinput"><code>./configure --enable-fixed-rrset <em class="replaceable"><code>[other flags, but not --enable-exportlib]</code></em></code></strong>
$ <strong class="userinput"><code>make</code></strong>
$ <strong class="userinput"><code>./configure --enable-exportlib <em class="replaceable"><code>[other flags, but not --enable-fixed-rrset]</code></em></code></strong>
$ <strong class="userinput"><code>cd lib/export</code></strong>
$ <strong class="userinput"><code>make</code></strong>
</pre>
<p>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
RFC 5011 is not supported in the validating stub resolver of the
export library. In fact, it is not clear whether it should: trust
anchors would be a system-wide configuration which would be managed
by an administrator, while the stub resolver will be used by
ordinary applications run by a normal user.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Not all common <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code> options are
supported in the IRS library. The only available options in this
version are <span class="command"><strong>debug</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>ndots</strong></span>.
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="id-1.12.2.7"></a>The dns.conf File</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
The IRS library supports an "advanced" configuration file related to
the DNS library for configuration parameters that would be beyond the
capability of the <code class="filename">resolv.conf</code> file.
Specifically, it is intended to provide DNSSEC related configuration
parameters. By default the path to this configuration file is
<code class="filename">/etc/dns.conf</code>. This module is very experimental
and the configuration syntax or library interfaces may change in
future versions. Currently, only the <span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span>
statement is supported, whose syntax is the same as the same
statement in <code class="filename">named.conf</code>. (See
<a class="xref" href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#trusted-keys" title="trusted-keys Statement Grammar">the section called &#8220;<span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar&#8221;</a> for details.)
</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="id-1.12.2.8"></a>Sample Applications</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
Some sample application programs using this API are provided for
reference. The following is a brief description of these
applications.
</p>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
<a name="id-1.12.2.8.3"></a>sample: a simple stub resolver utility</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
Sends a query of a given name (of a given optional RR type) to a
specified recursive server and prints the result as a list of RRs.
It can also act as a validating stub resolver if a trust anchor is
given via a set of command line options.
</p>
<p>
Usage: sample [options] server_address hostname
</p>
<p>
Options and Arguments:
</p>
<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
<dt><span class="term">-t RRtype</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
specify the RR type of the query. The default is the A RR.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">[-a algorithm] [-e] -k keyname -K keystring</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
specify a command-line DNS key to validate the answer. For
example, to specify the following DNSKEY of example.com:
</p>
<div class="literallayout"><p><br>
<09><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>example.com.<2E>3600<30>IN<49>DNSKEY<45>257<35>3<EFBFBD>5<EFBFBD>xxx<br>
<09><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD></p></div>
<p>
specify the options as follows:
</p>
<pre class="screen">
<strong class="userinput"><code>-e -k example.com -K "xxx"</code></strong>
</pre>
<p>
-e means that this key is a zone's "key signing key" (also known
as "secure entry point").
When -a is omitted rsasha1 will be used by default.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">-s domain:alt_server_address</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
specify a separate recursive server address for the specific
"domain". Example: -s example.com:2001:db8::1234
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">server_address</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
an IP(v4/v6) address of the recursive server to which queries
are sent.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">hostname</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
the domain name for the query
</p>
</dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
<a name="id-1.12.2.8.4"></a>sample-async: a simple stub resolver, working asynchronously</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
Similar to "sample", but accepts a list
of (query) domain names as a separate file and resolves the names
asynchronously.</p>
<p>
Usage: sample-async [-s server_address] [-t RR_type] input_file</p>
<p>
Options and Arguments:
</p>
<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
<dt><span class="term">-s server_address</span></dt>
<dd>
an IPv4 address of the recursive server to which queries are sent.
(IPv6 addresses are not supported in this implementation)
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">-t RR_type</span></dt>
<dd>
specify the RR type of the queries. The default is the A
RR.
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">input_file</span></dt>
<dd>
a list of domain names to be resolved. each line consists of a
single domain name. Example:
<div class="literallayout"><p><br>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>www.example.com<br>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>mx.example.net<br>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ns.xxx.example<br>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD></p></div>
</dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
<a name="id-1.12.2.8.5"></a>sample-request: a simple DNS transaction client</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
Sends a query to a specified server, and prints the response with
minimal processing. It doesn't act as a "stub resolver": it stops
the processing once it gets any response from the server, whether
it's a referral or an alias (CNAME or DNAME) that would require
further queries to get the ultimate answer. In other words, this
utility acts as a very simplified <span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span>.
</p>
<p>
Usage: sample-request [-t RRtype] server_address hostname
</p>
<p>
Options and Arguments:
</p>
<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
<dt><span class="term">-t RRtype</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
specify the RR type of the queries. The default is the A RR.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">server_address</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
an IP(v4/v6) address of the recursive server to which
the query is sent.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">hostname</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
the domain name for the query
</p>
</dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
<a name="id-1.12.2.8.6"></a>sample-gai: getaddrinfo() and getnameinfo() test code</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
This is a test program to check <span class="command"><strong>getaddrinfo()</strong></span> and
<span class="command"><strong>getnameinfo()</strong></span> behavior. It takes a host name as an
argument, calls <span class="command"><strong>getaddrinfo()</strong></span> with the given host
name, and calls <span class="command"><strong>getnameinfo()</strong></span> with the resulting
IP addresses returned by <span class="command"><strong>getaddrinfo()</strong></span>. If the
dns.conf file exists and defines a trust anchor, the underlying
resolver will act as a validating resolver, and
<span class="command"><strong>getaddrinfo()</strong></span>/<span class="command"><strong>getnameinfo()</strong></span>
will fail with an EAI_INSECUREDATA error when DNSSEC validation
fails.
</p>
<p>
Usage: sample-gai hostname
</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
<a name="id-1.12.2.8.7"></a>sample-update: a simple dynamic update client program</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
Accepts a single update command as a command-line argument, sends
an update request message to the authoritative server, and shows
the response from the server. In other words, this is a simplified
<span class="command"><strong>nsupdate</strong></span>.
</p>
<p>
Usage: sample-update [options] (add|delete) "update data"
</p>
<p>
Options and Arguments:
</p>
<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
<dt><span class="term">-a auth_server</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
An IP address of the authoritative server that has authority
for the zone containing the update name. This should
normally be the primary authoritative server that accepts
dynamic updates. It can also be a secondary server that is
configured to forward update requests to the primary server.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">-k keyfile</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
A TSIG key file to secure the update transaction. The
keyfile format is the same as that for the nsupdate utility.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">-p prerequisite</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
A prerequisite for the update (only one prerequisite can be
specified). The prerequisite format is the same as that is
accepted by the nsupdate utility.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">-r recursive_server</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
An IP address of a recursive server that this utility will
use. A recursive server may be necessary to identify the
authoritative server address to which the update request is
sent.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">-z zonename</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
The domain name of the zone that contains
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">(add|delete)</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Specify the type of update operation. Either "add" or
"delete" must be specified.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">"update data"</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Specify the data to be updated. A typical example of the
data would look like "name TTL RRtype RDATA".
</p>
</dd>
</dl></div>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<h3 class="title">Note</h3>
<p>
In practice, either -a or -r must be specified. Others can be
optional; the underlying library routine tries to identify the
appropriate server and the zone name for the update.
</p>
</div>
<p>
Examples: assuming the primary authoritative server of the
dynamic.example.com zone has an IPv6 address 2001:db8::1234,
</p>
<pre class="screen">
$ <strong class="userinput"><code>sample-update -a sample-update -k Kxxx.+nnn+mmmm.key add "foo.dynamic.example.com 30 IN A 192.168.2.1"</code></strong></pre>
<p>
adds an A RR for foo.dynamic.example.com using the given key.
</p>
<pre class="screen">
$ <strong class="userinput"><code>sample-update -a sample-update -k Kxxx.+nnn+mmmm.key delete "foo.dynamic.example.com 30 IN A"</code></strong></pre>
<p>
removes all A RRs for foo.dynamic.example.com using the given key.
</p>
<pre class="screen">
$ <strong class="userinput"><code>sample-update -a sample-update -k Kxxx.+nnn+mmmm.key delete "foo.dynamic.example.com"</code></strong></pre>
<p>
removes all RRs for foo.dynamic.example.com using the given key.
</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
<a name="id-1.12.2.8.8"></a>nsprobe: domain/name server checker in terms of RFC 4074</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
Checks a set of domains to see the name servers of the domains
behave correctly in terms of RFC 4074. This is included in the set
of sample programs to show how the export library can be used in a
DNS-related application.
</p>
<p>
Usage: nsprobe [-d] [-v [-v...]] [-c cache_address] [input_file]
</p>
<p>
Options
</p>
<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
<dt><span class="term">-d</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Run in "debug" mode. With this option nsprobe will dump
every RRs it receives.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">-v</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Increase verbosity of other normal log messages. This can be
specified multiple times.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">-c cache_address</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Specify an IP address of a recursive (caching) name server.
nsprobe uses this server to get the NS RRset of each domain
and the A and/or AAAA RRsets for the name servers. The
default value is 127.0.0.1.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">input_file</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
A file name containing a list of domain (zone) names to be
probed. when omitted the standard input will be used. Each
line of the input file specifies a single domain name such as
"example.com". In general this domain name must be the apex
name of some DNS zone (unlike normal "host names" such as
"www.example.com"). nsprobe first identifies the NS RRsets
for the given domain name, and sends A and AAAA queries to
these servers for some "widely used" names under the zone;
specifically, adding "www" and "ftp" to the zone name.
</p>
</dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="id-1.12.2.9"></a>Library References</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
As of this writing, there is no formal "manual" for the libraries,
except this document, header files (some of which provide pretty
detailed explanations), and sample application programs.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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<hr>
@@ -523,16 +199,17 @@ $ <strong class="userinput"><code>sample-update -a sample-update -k Kxxx.+nnn+mm
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<hr>
</div>
<div class="toc">
<p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>
<dl class="toc">
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.arpaname.html"><span class="application">arpaname</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; translate IP addresses to the corresponding ARPA names</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.ddns-confgen.html"><span class="application">ddns-confgen</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; ddns key generation tool</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.delv.html">delv</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; DNS lookup and validation utility</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dig.html">dig</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; DNS lookup utility</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnssec-cds.html"><span class="application">dnssec-cds</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; change DS records for a child zone based on CDS/CDNSKEY</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnssec-checkds.html"><span class="application">dnssec-checkds</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; DNSSEC delegation consistency checking tool</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnssec-coverage.html"><span class="application">dnssec-coverage</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; checks future DNSKEY coverage for a zone</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnssec-dsfromkey.html"><span class="application">dnssec-dsfromkey</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; DNSSEC DS RR generation tool</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnssec-importkey.html"><span class="application">dnssec-importkey</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; import DNSKEY records from external systems so they can be managed</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnssec-keyfromlabel.html"><span class="application">dnssec-keyfromlabel</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; DNSSEC key generation tool</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnssec-keygen.html"><span class="application">dnssec-keygen</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; DNSSEC key generation tool</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnssec-keymgr.html"><span class="application">dnssec-keymgr</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; Ensures correct DNSKEY coverage for a zone based on a defined policy</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnssec-revoke.html"><span class="application">dnssec-revoke</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; set the REVOKED bit on a DNSSEC key</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnssec-settime.html"><span class="application">dnssec-settime</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; set the key timing metadata for a DNSSEC key</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnssec-signzone.html"><span class="application">dnssec-signzone</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; DNSSEC zone signing tool</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnssec-verify.html"><span class="application">dnssec-verify</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; DNSSEC zone verification tool</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnstap-read.html"><span class="application">dnstap-read</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; print dnstap data in human-readable form</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.genrandom.html"><span class="application">genrandom</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; generate a file containing random data</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.host.html">host</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; DNS lookup utility</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.mdig.html"><span class="application">mdig</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; DNS pipelined lookup utility</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.named-checkconf.html"><span class="application">named-checkconf</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; named configuration file syntax checking tool</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.named-checkzone.html"><span class="application">named-checkzone</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; zone file validity checking or converting tool</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.named-journalprint.html"><span class="application">named-journalprint</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; print zone journal in human-readable form</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.named-nzd2nzf.html"><span class="application">named-nzd2nzf</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212;
Convert an NZD database to NZF text format
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.named-rrchecker.html"><span class="application">named-rrchecker</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; syntax checker for individual DNS resource records</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.named.conf.html"><code class="filename">named.conf</code></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; configuration file for <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.named.html"><span class="application">named</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; Internet domain name server</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.nsec3hash.html"><span class="application">nsec3hash</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; generate NSEC3 hash</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.nslookup.html">nslookup</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; query Internet name servers interactively</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.nsupdate.html"><span class="application">nsupdate</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; Dynamic DNS update utility</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.pkcs11-destroy.html"><span class="application">pkcs11-destroy</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; destroy PKCS#11 objects</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.pkcs11-keygen.html"><span class="application">pkcs11-keygen</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; generate keys on a PKCS#11 device</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.pkcs11-list.html"><span class="application">pkcs11-list</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; list PKCS#11 objects</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.pkcs11-tokens.html"><span class="application">pkcs11-tokens</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; list PKCS#11 available tokens</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.rndc-confgen.html"><span class="application">rndc-confgen</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; rndc key generation tool</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.rndc.conf.html"><code class="filename">rndc.conf</code></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; rndc configuration file</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.rndc.html"><span class="application">rndc</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; name server control utility</span>
</dt>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
<div class="navfooter">
<hr>
<table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer">
<tr>
<td width="40%" align="left">
<a accesskey="p" href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html">Prev</a><EFBFBD></td>
<td width="20%" align="center"><EFBFBD></td>
<td width="40%" align="right"><EFBFBD><a accesskey="n" href="man.arpaname.html">Next</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Appendix<EFBFBD>D.<2E>BIND 9 DNS Library Support<72></td>
<td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="Bv9ARM.html">Home</a></td>
<td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"><EFBFBD><span class="application">arpaname</span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<p xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" style="text-align: center;">BIND 9.13.0-dev</p>
</body>
</html>

View File

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
<div>
<div><h1 class="title">
<a name="id-1"></a>BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</h1></div>
<div><p class="releaseinfo">BIND Version 9.13.0-dev</p></div>
<div><p class="releaseinfo">BIND Version 9.12.1-dev</p></div>
<div><p class="copyright">Copyright <20> 2000-2018 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")</p></div>
</div>
<hr>
@@ -154,123 +154,123 @@
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.16.7">Address to Name Lookups Using Nibble Format</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html">5. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Configuration Reference</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html">5. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Configuration Reference</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#configuration_file_elements">Configuration File Elements</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#configuration_file_elements">Configuration File Elements</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#address_match_lists">Address Match Lists</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#comment_syntax">Comment Syntax</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#address_match_lists">Address Match Lists</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#comment_syntax">Comment Syntax</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#Configuration_File_Grammar">Configuration File Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#Configuration_File_Grammar">Configuration File Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#acl_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>acl</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#acl"><span class="command"><strong>acl</strong></span> Statement Definition and
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#acl_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>acl</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#acl"><span class="command"><strong>acl</strong></span> Statement Definition and
Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_statement_definition_and_usage"><span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#controls_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#controls_statement_definition_and_usage"><span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#include_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>include</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#include_statement"><span class="command"><strong>include</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#key_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#key_statement"><span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#logging_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>logging</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#logging_statement"><span class="command"><strong>logging</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#masters_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#masters_statement"><span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span> Statement Definition and
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#include_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>include</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#include_statement"><span class="command"><strong>include</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#key_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#key_statement"><span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#logging_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>logging</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#logging_statement"><span class="command"><strong>logging</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#masters_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#masters_statement"><span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span> Statement Definition and
Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options"><span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#options_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#options"><span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage"><span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#server_statement_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage"><span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statschannels"><span class="command"><strong>statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statistics_channels"><span class="command"><strong>statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Definition and
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#statschannels"><span class="command"><strong>statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#statistics_channels"><span class="command"><strong>statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Definition and
Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#trusted-keys"><span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#trusted_keys"><span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#trusted-keys"><span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#trusted_keys"><span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
and Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#managed_keys"><span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#managed-keys"><span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#managed_keys"><span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#managed-keys"><span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
and Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#view_statement_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#view_statement"><span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_statement_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#view_statement_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#view_statement"><span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#zone_statement_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span>
Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_statement"><span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#zone_statement"><span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_file">Zone File</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#zone_file">Zone File</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#types_of_resource_records_and_when_to_use_them">Types of Resource Records and When to Use Them</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#mx_records">Discussion of MX Records</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#Setting_TTLs">Setting TTLs</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#ipv4_reverse">Inverse Mapping in IPv4</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_directives">Other Zone File Directives</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#generate_directive"><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> Master File Extension: the <span class="command"><strong>$GENERATE</strong></span> Directive</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zonefile_format">Additional File Formats</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#types_of_resource_records_and_when_to_use_them">Types of Resource Records and When to Use Them</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#mx_records">Discussion of MX Records</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#Setting_TTLs">Setting TTLs</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#ipv4_reverse">Inverse Mapping in IPv4</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#zone_directives">Other Zone File Directives</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#generate_directive"><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> Master File Extension: the <span class="command"><strong>$GENERATE</strong></span> Directive</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#zonefile_format">Additional File Formats</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statistics">BIND9 Statistics</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#statistics">BIND9 Statistics</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statsfile">The Statistics File</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statistics_counters">Statistics Counters</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#statsfile">The Statistics File</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#statistics_counters">Statistics Counters</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html">6. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Security Considerations</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html">6. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Security Considerations</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#Access_Control_Lists">Access Control Lists</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#chroot_and_setuid"><span class="command"><strong>Chroot</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>Setuid</strong></span></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#Access_Control_Lists">Access Control Lists</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#chroot_and_setuid"><span class="command"><strong>Chroot</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>Setuid</strong></span></a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#chroot">The <span class="command"><strong>chroot</strong></span> Environment</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#setuid">Using the <span class="command"><strong>setuid</strong></span> Function</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#chroot">The <span class="command"><strong>chroot</strong></span> Environment</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#setuid">Using the <span class="command"><strong>setuid</strong></span> Function</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#dynamic_update_security">Dynamic Update Security</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#dynamic_update_security">Dynamic Update Security</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html">7. Troubleshooting</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html">7. Troubleshooting</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#common_problems">Common Problems</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#id-1.8.2.2">It's not working; how can I figure out what's wrong?</a></span></dt></dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#id-1.8.3">Incrementing and Changing the Serial Number</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#more_help">Where Can I Get Help?</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#common_problems">Common Problems</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#id-1.8.2.2">It's not working; how can I figure out what's wrong?</a></span></dt></dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#id-1.8.3">Incrementing and Changing the Serial Number</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#more_help">Where Can I Get Help?</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="appendix"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html">A. Release Notes</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="appendix"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html">A. Release Notes</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id-1.9.2">Release Notes for BIND Version 9.13.0-dev</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#id-1.9.2">Release Notes for BIND Version 9.12.1-dev</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_intro">Introduction</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_download">Download</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_security">Security Fixes</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_features">New Features</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_removed">Removed Features</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_changes">Feature Changes</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_bugs">Bug Fixes</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_license">License</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#end_of_life">End of Life</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_thanks">Thank You</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#relnotes_intro">Introduction</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#relnotes_download">Download</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#relnotes_security">Security Fixes</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#relnotes_features">New Features</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#relnotes_removed">Removed Features</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#relnotes_changes">Feature Changes</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#relnotes_bugs">Bug Fixes</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#relnotes_license">License</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#end_of_life">End of Life</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#relnotes_thanks">Thank You</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="appendix"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch10.html">B. A Brief History of the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> and <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="appendix"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch11.html">C. General <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Reference Information</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="appendix"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html">B. A Brief History of the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> and <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="appendix"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch10.html">C. General <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Reference Information</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch11.html#ipv6addresses">IPv6 addresses (AAAA)</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch11.html#bibliography">Bibliography (and Suggested Reading)</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch10.html#ipv6addresses">IPv6 addresses (AAAA)</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch10.html#bibliography">Bibliography (and Suggested Reading)</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch11.html#rfcs">Request for Comments (RFCs)</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch11.html#internet_drafts">Internet Drafts</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch11.html#more_about_bind">Other Documents About <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch10.html#rfcs">Request for Comments (RFCs)</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch10.html#internet_drafts">Internet Drafts</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch10.html#more_about_bind">Other Documents About <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym></a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="appendix"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html">D. BIND 9 DNS Library Support</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="appendix"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch11.html">D. BIND 9 DNS Library Support</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#bind9.library">BIND 9 DNS Library Support</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch11.html#bind9.library">BIND 9 DNS Library Support</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id-1.12.2.5">Installation</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id-1.12.2.6">Known Defects/Restrictions</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id-1.12.2.7">The dns.conf File</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id-1.12.2.8">Sample Applications</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id-1.12.2.9">Library References</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch11.html#id-1.12.2.5">Installation</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch11.html#id-1.12.2.6">Known Defects/Restrictions</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch11.html#id-1.12.2.7">The dns.conf File</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch11.html#id-1.12.2.8">Sample Applications</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch11.html#id-1.12.2.9">Library References</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="reference"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch13.html">I. Manual pages</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="reference"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html">I. Manual pages</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.arpaname.html"><span class="application">arpaname</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; translate IP addresses to the corresponding ARPA names</span>
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@@ -1089,7 +1089,7 @@ dig +qr www.isc.org any -x 127.0.0.1 isc.org ns +noqr
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<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.78.1">
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<title>named-checkconf</title>
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<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.78.1">
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<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.78.1">
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<link rel="up" href="Bv9ARM.ch13.html" title="Manual pages">
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<title>named-nzd2nzf</title>
<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.78.1">
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<link rel="up" href="Bv9ARM.ch13.html" title="Manual pages">
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<title>named-rrchecker</title>
<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.78.1">
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<link rel="up" href="Bv9ARM.ch13.html" title="Manual pages">
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<title>named.conf</title>
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<title>named</title>
<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.78.1">
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<link rel="up" href="Bv9ARM.ch13.html" title="Manual pages">
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<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.78.1">
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<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.78.1">
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