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Functional enhancements from prior major releases of BIND 9
BIND 9.11
BIND 9.11.0 includes a number of changes from BIND 9.10 and earlier
releases. New features include:
* Added support for Catalog Zones, a new method for provisioning
servers: a list of zones to be served is stored in a DNS zone, along
with their configuration parameters. Changes to the catalog zone are
propagated to slaves via normal AXFR/IXFR, whereupon the zones that
are listed in it are automatically added, deleted or reconfigured.
* Added support for "dnstap", a fast and flexible method of capturing
and logging DNS traffic.
* Added support for "dyndb", a new API for loading zone data from an
external database, developed by Red Hat for the FreeIPA project.
* "fetchlimit" quotas are now compiled in by default. These are for the
use of recursive resolvers that are are under high query load for
domains whose authoritative servers are nonresponsive or are
experiencing a denial of service attack:
+ "fetches-per-server" limits the number of simultaneous queries
that can be sent to any single authoritative server. The
configured value is a starting point; it is automatically adjusted
downward if the server is partially or completely non-responsive.
The algorithm used to adjust the quota can be configured via the
"fetch-quota-params" option.
+ "fetches-per-zone" limits the number of simultaneous queries that
can be sent for names within a single domain. (Note: Unlike
"fetches-per-server", this value is not self-tuning.)
+ New stats counters have been added to count queries spilled due to
these quotas.
* Added a new "dnssec-keymgr" key mainenance utility, which can generate
or update keys as needed to ensure that a zone's keys match a defined
DNSSEC policy.
* The experimental "SIT" feature in BIND 9.10 has been renamed "COOKIE"
and is no longer optional. EDNS COOKIE is a mechanism enabling clients
to detect off-path spoofed responses, and servers to detect
spoofed-source queries. Clients that identify themselves using COOKIE
options are not subject to response rate limiting (RRL) and can
receive larger UDP responses.
* SERVFAIL responses can now be cached for a limited time (defaulting to
1 second, with an upper limit of 30). This can reduce the frequency of
retries when a query is persistently failing.
* Added an "nsip-wait-recurse" switch to RPZ. This causes NSIP rules to
be skipped if a name server IP address isn't in the cache yet; the
address will be looked up and the rule will be applied on future
queries.
* Added a Python RNDC module. This allows multiple commands to sent over
a persistent RNDC channel, which saves time.
* The "controls" block in named.conf can now grant read-only "rndc"
access to specified clients or keys. Read-only clients could, for
example, check "rndc status" but could not reconfigure or shut down
the server.
* "rndc" commands can now return arbitrarily large amounts of text to
the caller.
* The zone serial number of a dynamically updatable zone can now be set
via "rndc signing -serial ". This allows inline-signing zones to be
set to a specific serial number.
* The new "rndc nta" command can be used to set a Negative Trust Anchor
(NTA), disabling DNSSEC validation for a specific domain; this can be
used when responses from a domain are known to be failing validation
due to administrative error rather than because of a spoofing attack.
Negative trust anchors are strictly temporary; by default they expire
after one hour, but can be configured to last up to one week.
* "rndc delzone" can now be used on zones that were not originally
created by "rndc addzone".
* "rndc modzone" reconfigures a single zone, without requiring the
entire server to be reconfigured.
* "rndc showzone" displays the current configuration of a zone.
* "rndc managed-keys" can be used to check the status of RFC 5001
managed trust anchors, or to force trust anchors to be refreshed.
* "max-cache-size" can now be set to a percentage of available memory.
The default is 90%.
* Update forwarding performance has been improved by allowing a single
TCP connection to be shared by multiple updates.
* The EDNS Client Subnet (ECS) option is now supported for authoritative
servers; if a query contains an ECS option then ACLs containing
"geoip" or "ecs" elements can match against the the address encoded in
the option. This can be used to select a view for a query, so that
different answers can be provided depending on the client network.
* The EDNS EXPIRE option has been implemented on the client side,
allowing a slave server to set the expiration timer correctly when
transferring zone data from another slave server.
* The key generation and manipulation tools (dnssec-keygen,
dnssec-settime, dnssec-importkey, dnssec-keyfromlabel) now take
"-Psync" and "-Dsync" options to set the publication and deletion
times of CDS and CDNSKEY parent-synchronization records. Both named
and dnssec-signzone can now publish and remove these records at the
scheduled times.
* A new "minimal-any" option reduces the size of UDP responses for query
type ANY by returning a single arbitrarily selected RRset instead of
all RRsets.
* A new "masterfile-style" zone option controls the formatting of text
zone files: When set to "full", a zone file is dumped in
single-line-per-record format.
* "serial-update-method" can now be set to "date". On update, the serial
number will be set to the current date in YYYYMMDDNN format.
* "dnssec-signzone -N date" sets the serial number to YYYYMMDDNN.
* "named -L " causes named to send log messages to the specified file by
default instead of to the system log.
* "dig +ttlunits" prints TTL values with time-unit suffixes: w, d, h, m,
s for weeks, days, hours, minutes, and seconds.
* "dig +unknownformat" prints dig output in RFC 3597 "unknown record"
presentation format.
* "dig +ednsopt" allows dig to set arbitrary EDNS options on requests.
* "dig +ednsflags" allows dig to set yet-to-be-defined EDNS flags on
requests.
* "mdig" is an alternate version of dig which sends multiple pipelined
TCP queries to a server. Instead of waiting for a response after
sending a query, it sends all queries immediately and displays
responses in the order received.
* "serial-query-rate" no longer controls NOTIFY messages. These are
separately controlled by "notify-rate" and "startup-notify-rate".
* "nsupdate" now performs "check-names" processing by default on records
to be added. This can be disabled with "check-names no".
* The statistics channel now supports DEFLATE compression, reducing the
size of the data sent over the network when querying statistics.
* New counters have been added to the statistics channel to track the
sizes of incoming queries and outgoing responses in histogram buckets,
as specified in RSSAC002.
* A new NXDOMAIN redirect method (option "nxdomain-redirect") has been
added, allowing redirection to a specified DNS namespace instead of a
single redirect zone.
* When starting up, named now ensures that no other named process is
already running.
* Files created by named to store information, including "mkeys" and
"nzf" files, are now named after their corresponding views unless the
view name contains characters incompatible with use as a filename. Old
style filenames (based on the hash of the view name) will still work.
BIND 9.10.0
BIND 9.10.0 includes a number of changes from BIND 9.9 and earlier
releases. New features include:
* DNS Response-rate limiting (DNS RRL), which blunts the impact of
reflection and amplification attacks, is always compiled in and no
longer requires a compile-time option to enable it.
* An experimental "Source Identity Token" (SIT) EDNS option is now
available. Similar to DNS Cookies as invented by Donald Eastlake 3rd,
these are designed to enable clients to detect off-path spoofed
responses, and to enable servers to detect spoofed-source queries.
Servers can be configured to send smaller responses to clients that
have not identified themselves using a SIT option, reducing the
effectiveness of amplification attacks. RRL processing has also been
updated; clients proven to be legitimate via SIT are not subject to
rate limiting. Use "configure --enable-sit" to enable this feature in
BIND.
* A new zone file format, "map", stores zone data in a format that can
be mapped directly into memory, allowing significantly faster zone
loading.
* "delv" (domain entity lookup and validation) is a new tool with
dig-like semantics for looking up DNS data and performing internal
DNSSEC validation. This allows easy validation in environments where
the resolver may not be trustworthy, and assists with troubleshooting
of DNSSEC problems. (NOTE: In previous development releases of BIND
9.10, this utility was called "delve". The spelling has been changed
to avoid confusion with the "delve" utility included with the Xapian
search engine.)
* Improved EDNS(0) processing for better resolver performance and
reliability over slow or lossy connections.
* A new "configure --with-tuning=large" option tunes certain compiled-in
constants and default settings to values better suited to large
servers with abundant memory. This can improve performance on such
servers, but will consume more memory and may degrade performance on
smaller systems.
* Substantial improvement in response-policy zone (RPZ) performance. Up
to 32 response-policy zones can be configured with minimal performance
loss.
* To improve recursive resolver performance, cache records which are
still being requested by clients can now be automatically refreshed
from the authoritative server before they expire, reducing or
eliminating the time window in which no answer is available in the
cache.
* New "rpz-client-ip" triggers and drop policies allowing response
policies based on the IP address of the client.
* ACLs can now be specified based on geographic location using the
MaxMind GeoIP databases. Use "configure --with-geoip" to enable.
* Zone data can now be shared between views, allowing multiple views to
serve the same zones authoritatively without storing multiple copies
in memory.
* New XML schema (version 3) for the statistics channel includes many
new statistics and uses a flattened XML tree for faster parsing. The
older schema is now deprecated.
* A new stylesheet, based on the Google Charts API, displays XML
statistics in charts and graphs on javascript-enabled browsers.
* The statistics channel can now provide data in JSON format as well as
XML.
* New stats counters track TCP and UDP queries received per zone, and
EDNS options received in total.
* The internal and export versions of the BIND libraries (libisc,
libdns, etc) have been unified so that external library clients can
use the same libraries as BIND itself.
* A new compile-time option, "configure --enable-native-pkcs11", allows
BIND 9 cryptography functions to use the PKCS#11 API natively, so that
BIND can drive a cryptographic hardware service module (HSM) directly
instead of using a modified OpenSSL as an intermediary. (Note: This
feature requires an HSM to have a full implementation of the PKCS#11
API; many current HSMs only have partial implementations. The new
"pkcs11-tokens" command can be used to check API completeness. Native
PKCS#11 is known to work with the Thales nShield HSM and with SoftHSM
version 2 from the Open DNSSEC project.)
* The new "max-zone-ttl" option enforces maximum TTLs for zones. This
can simplify the process of rolling DNSSEC keys by guaranteeing that
cached signatures will have expired within the specified amount of
time.
* "dig +subnet" sends an EDNS CLIENT-SUBNET option when querying.
* "dig +expire" sends an EDNS EXPIRE option when querying. When this
option is sent with an SOA query to a server that supports it, it will
report the expiry time of a slave zone.
* New "dnssec-coverage" tool to check DNSSEC key coverage for a zone and
report if a lapse in signing coverage has been inadvertently
scheduled.
* Signing algorithm flexibility and other improvements for the "rndc"
control channel.
* "named-checkzone" and "named-compilezone" can now read journal files,
allowing them to process dynamic zones.
* Multiple DLZ databases can now be configured. Individual zones can be
configured to be served from a specific DLZ database. DLZ databases
now serve zones of type "master" and "redirect".
* "rndc zonestatus" reports information about a specified zone.
* "named" now listens on IPv6 as well as IPv4 interfaces by default.
* "named" now preserves the capitalization of names when responding to
queries: for instance, a query for "example.com" may be answered with
"example.COM" if the name was configured that way in the zone file.
Some clients have a bug causing them to depend on the older behavior,
in which the case of the answer always matched the case of the query,
rather than the case of the name configured in the DNS. Such clients
can now be specified in the new "no-case-compress" ACL; this will
restore the older behavior of "named" for those clients only.
* new "dnssec-importkey" command allows the use of offline DNSSEC keys
with automatic DNSKEY management.
* New "named-rrchecker" tool to verify the syntactic correctness of
individual resource records.
* When re-signing a zone, the new "dnssec-signzone -Q" option drops
signatures from keys that are still published but are no longer
active.
* "named-checkconf -px" will print the contents of configuration files
with the shared secrets obscured, making it easier to share
configuration (e.g. when submitting a bug report) without revealing
private information.
* "rndc scan" causes named to re-scan network interfaces for changes in
local addresses.
* On operating systems with support for routing sockets, network
interfaces are re-scanned automatically whenever they change.
* "tsig-keygen" is now available as an alternate command name to use for
"ddns-confgen".
BIND 9.9.0
BIND 9.9.0 includes a number of changes from BIND 9.8 and earlier
releases. New features include:
* Inline signing, allowing automatic DNSSEC signing of master zones
without modification of the zonefile, or "bump in the wire" signing in
slaves.
* NXDOMAIN redirection.
* New 'rndc flushtree' command clears all data under a given name from
the DNS cache.
* New 'rndc sync' command dumps pending changes in a dynamic zone to
disk without a freeze/thaw cycle.
* New 'rndc signing' command displays or clears signing status records
in 'auto-dnssec' zones.
* NSEC3 parameters for 'auto-dnssec' zones can now be set prior to
signing, eliminating the need to initially sign with NSEC.
* Startup time improvements on large authoritative servers.
* Slave zones are now saved in raw format by default.
* Several improvements to response policy zones (RPZ).
* Improved hardware scalability by using multiple threads to listen for
queries and using finer-grained client locking
* The 'also-notify' option now takes the same syntax as 'masters', so it
can used named masterlists and TSIG keys.
* 'dnssec-signzone -D' writes an output file containing only DNSSEC
data, which can be included by the primary zone file.
* 'dnssec-signzone -R' forces removal of signatures that are not expired
but were created by a key which no longer exists.
* 'dnssec-signzone -X' allows a separate expiration date to be specified
for DNSKEY signatures from other signatures.
* New '-L' option to dnssec-keygen, dnssec-settime, and
dnssec-keyfromlabel sets the default TTL for the key.
* dnssec-dsfromkey now supports reading from standard input, to make it
easier to convert DNSKEY to DS.
* RFC 1918 reverse zones have been added to the empty-zones table per
RFC 6303.
* Dynamic updates can now optionally set the zone's SOA serial number to
the current UNIX time.
* DLZ modules can now retrieve the source IP address of the querying
client.
* 'request-ixfr' option can now be set at the per-zone level.
* 'dig +rrcomments' turns on comments about DNSKEY records, indicating
their key ID, algorithm and function
* Simplified nsupdate syntax and added readline support
BIND 9.8.0
BIND 9.8.0 includes a number of changes from BIND 9.7 and earlier
releases. New features include:
* Built-in trust anchor for the root zone, which can be switched on via
"dnssec-validation auto;"
* Support for DNS64.
* Support for response policy zones (RPZ).
* Support for writable DLZ zones.
* Improved ease of configuration of GSS/TSIG for interoperability with
Active Directory
* Support for GOST signing algorithm for DNSSEC.
* Removed RTT Banding from server selection algorithm.
* New "static-stub" zone type.
* Allow configuration of resolver timeouts via "resolver-query-timeout"
option.
* The DLZ "dlopen" driver is now built by default.
* Added a new include file with function typedefs for the DLZ "dlopen"
driver.
* Made "--with-gssapi" default.
* More verbose error reporting from DLZ LDAP.
BIND 9.7.0
BIND 9.7.0 includes a number of changes from BIND 9.6 and earlier
releases. Most are intended to simplify DNSSEC configuration. New features
include:
* Fully automatic signing of zones by "named".
* Simplified configuration of DNSSEC Lookaside Validation (DLV).
* Simplified configuration of Dynamic DNS, using the "ddns-confgen"
command line tool or the "local" update-policy option. (As a side
effect, this also makes it easier to configure automatic zone
re-signing.)
* New named option "attach-cache" that allows multiple views to share a
single cache.
* DNS rebinding attack prevention.
* New default values for dnssec-keygen parameters.
* Support for RFC 5011 automated trust anchor maintenance
* Smart signing: simplified tools for zone signing and key maintenance.
* The "statistics-channels" option is now available on Windows.
* A new DNSSEC-aware libdns API for use by non-BIND9 applications
* On some platforms, named and other binaries can now print out a stack
backtrace on assertion failure, to aid in debugging.
* A "tools only" installation mode on Windows, which only installs dig,
host, nslookup and nsupdate.
* Improved PKCS#11 support, including Keyper support and explicit
OpenSSL engine selection.
BIND 9.6.0
* Full NSEC3 support
* Automatic zone re-signing
* New update-policy methods tcp-self and 6to4-self
* The BIND 8 resolver library, libbind, has been removed from the BIND 9
distribution and is now available as a separate download.
* Change the default pid file location from /var/run to /var/run/
{named,lwresd} for improved chroot/setuid support.
BIND 9.5.0
* GSS-TSIG support (RFC 3645).
* DHCID support.
* Experimental http server and statistics support for named via xml.
* More detailed statistics counters including those supported in BIND 8.
* Faster ACL processing.
* Use Doxygen to generate internal documentation.
* Efficient LRU cache-cleaning mechanism.
* NSID support.
BIND 9.4.0
* Implemented "additional section caching (or acache)", an internal
cache framework for additional section content to improve response
performance. Several configuration options were provided to control
the behavior.
* New notify type 'master-only'. Enable notify for master zones only.
* Accept 'notify-source' style syntax for query-source.
* rndc now allows addresses to be set in the server clauses.
* New option "allow-query-cache". This lets "allow-query" be used to
specify the default zone access level rather than having to have every
zone override the global value. "allow-query-cache" can be set at both
the options and view levels. If "allow-query-cache" is not set then
"allow-recursion" is used if set, otherwise "allow-query" is used if
set unless "recursion no;" is set in which case "none;" is used,
otherwise the default (localhost; localnets;) is used.
* rndc: the source address can now be specified.
* ixfr-from-differences now takes master and slave in addition to yes
and no at the options and view levels.
* Allow the journal's name to be changed via named.conf.
* 'rndc notify zone [class [view]]' resend the NOTIFY messages for the
specified zone.
* 'dig +trace' now randomly selects the next servers to try. Report if
there is a bad delegation.
* Improve check-names error messages.
* Make public the function to read a key file, dst_key_read_public().
* dig now returns the byte count for axfr/ixfr.
* allow-update is now settable at the options / view level.
* named-checkconf now checks the logging configuration.
* host now can turn on memory debugging flags with '-m'.
* Don't send notify messages to self.
* Perform sanity checks on NS records which refer to 'in zone' names.
* New zone option "notify-delay". Specify a minimum delay between sets
of NOTIFY messages.
* Extend adjusting TTL warning messages.
* Named and named-checkzone can now both check for non-terminal wildcard
records.
* "rndc freeze/thaw" now freezes/thaws all zones.
* named-checkconf now check acls to verify that they only refer to
existing acls.
* The server syntax has been extended to support a range of servers.
* Report differences between hints and real NS rrset and associated
address records.
* Preserve the case of domain names in rdata during zone transfers.
* Restructured the data locking framework using architecture dependent
atomic operations (when available), improving response performance on
multi-processor machines significantly. x86, x86_64, alpha, powerpc,
and mips are currently supported.
* UNIX domain controls are now supported.
* Add support for additional zone file formats for improving loading
performance. The masterfile-format option in named.conf can be used to
specify a non-default format. A separate command named-compilezone was
provided to generate zone files in the new format. Additionally, the
-I and -O options for dnssec-signzone specify the input and output
formats.
* dnssec-signzone can now randomize signature end times (dnssec-signzone
-j jitter).
* Add support for CH A record.
* Add additional zone data constancy checks. named-checkzone has
extended checking of NS, MX and SRV record and the hosts they
reference. named has extended post zone load checks. New zone options:
check-mx and integrity-check.
* edns-udp-size can now be overridden on a per server basis.
* dig can now specify the EDNS version when making a query.
* Added framework for handling multiple EDNS versions.
* Additional memory debugging support to track size and mctx arguments.
* Detect duplicates of UDP queries we are recursing on and drop them.
New stats category "duplicates".
* "USE INTERNAL MALLOC" is now runtime selectable.
* The lame cache is now done on a basis as some servers only appear to
be lame for certain query types.
* Limit the number of recursive clients that can be waiting for a single
query () to resolve. New options clients-per-query and
max-clients-per-query.
* dig: report the number of extra bytes still left in the packet after
processing all the records.
* Support for IPSECKEY rdata type.
* Raise the UDP recieve buffer size to 32k if it is less than 32k.
* x86 and x86_64 now have seperate atomic locking implementations.
* named-checkconf now validates update-policy entries.
* Attempt to make the amount of work performed in a iteration self
tuning. The covers nodes clean from the cache per iteration, nodes
written to disk when rewriting a master file and nodes destroyed per
iteration when destroying a zone or a cache.
* ISC string copy API.
* Automatic empty zone creation for D.F.IP6.ARPA and friends. Note: RFC
1918 zones are not yet covered by this but are likely to be in a
future release.
* New options: empty-server, empty-contact, empty-zones-enable and
disable-empty-zone.
* dig now has a '-q queryname' and '+showsearch' options.
* host/nslookup now continue (default)/fail on SERVFAIL.
* dig now warns if 'RA' is not set in the answer when 'RD' was set in
the query. host/nslookup skip servers that fail to set 'RA' when 'RD'
is set unless a server is explicitly set.
* Integrate contibuted DLZ code into named.
* Integrate contibuted IDN code from JPNIC.
* libbind: corresponds to that from BIND 8.4.7.
BIND 9.3.0
* DNSSEC is now DS based (RFC 3658).
* DNSSEC lookaside validation.
* check-names is now implemented.
* rrset-order is more complete.
* IPv4/IPv6 transition support, dual-stack-servers.
* IXFR deltas can now be generated when loading master files,
ixfr-from-differences.
* It is now possible to specify the size of a journal, max-journal-size.
* It is now possible to define a named set of master servers to be used
in masters clause, masters.
* The advertised EDNS UDP size can now be set, edns-udp-size.
* allow-v6-synthesis has been obsoleted.
* Zones containing MD and MF will now be rejected.
* dig, nslookup name. now report "Not Implemented" as NOTIMP rather than
NOTIMPL. This will have impact on scripts that are looking for
NOTIMPL.
* libbind: corresponds to that from BIND 8.4.5.
BIND 9.2.0
* The size of the cache can now be limited using the "max-cache-size"
option.
* The server can now automatically convert RFC1886-style recursive
lookup requests into RFC2874-style lookups, when enabled using the new
option "allow-v6-synthesis". This allows stub resolvers that support
AAAA records but not A6 record chains or binary labels to perform
lookups in domains that make use of these IPv6 DNS features.
* Performance has been improved.
* The man pages now use the more portable "man" macros rather than the
"mandoc" macros, and are installed by "make install".
* The named.conf parser has been completely rewritten. It now supports
"include" directives in more places such as inside "view" statements,
and it no longer has any reserved words.
* The "rndc status" command is now implemented.
* rndc can now be configured automatically.
* A BIND 8 compatible stub resolver library is now included in lib/bind.
* OpenSSL has been removed from the distribution. This means that to use
DNSSEC, OpenSSL must be installed and the --with-openssl option must
be supplied to configure. This does not apply to the use of TSIG,
which does not require OpenSSL.
* The source distribution now builds on Windows. See win32utils/
readme1.txt and win32utils/win32-build.txt for details.
* This distribution also includes a new lightweight stub resolver
library and associated resolver daemon that fully support forward and
reverse lookups of both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses. This library is
considered experimental and is not a complete replacement for the BIND
8 resolver library. Applications that use the BIND 8 res_* functions
to perform DNS lookups or dynamic updates still need to be linked
against the BIND 8 libraries. For DNS lookups, they can also use the
new "getrrsetbyname()" API.
* BIND 9.2 is capable of acting as an authoritative server for DNSSEC
secured zones. This functionality is believed to be stable and
complete except for lacking support for verifications involving
wildcard records in secure zones.
* When acting as a caching server, BIND 9.2 can be configured to perform
DNSSEC secure resolution on behalf of its clients. This part of the
DNSSEC implementation is still considered experimental. For detailed
information about the state of the DNSSEC implementation, see the file
doc/misc/dnssec.

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Setting the STD_CDEFINES environment variable before running configure can
be used to enable certain compile-time options that are not explicitly
defined in configure.
Some of these settings are:
Setting Description
Don't ovewrite memory when allocating or freeing
-DISC_MEM_FILL=0 it; this improves performance but makes
debugging more difficult.
Don't track memory allocations by file and line
-DISC_MEM_TRACKLINES=0 number; this improves performance but makes
debugging more difficult.
-DISC_FACILITY=LOG_LOCAL0 Change the default syslog facility for named
-DNS_CLIENT_DROPPORT=0 Disable dropping queries from particular
well-known ports:
-DCHECK_SIBLING=0 Don't check sibling glue in named-checkzone
-DCHECK_LOCAL=0 Don't check out-of-zone addresses in
named-checkzone
-DNS_RUN_PID_DIR=0 Create default PID files in ${localstatedir}/run
rather than ${localstatedir}/run/{named,lwresd}/

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BIND 9
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Reporting bugs and getting help
3. Contributing to BIND
4. BIND 9.12 features
5. Building BIND
6. Compile-time options
7. Automated testing
8. Documentation
9. Change log
10. Acknowledgments
Introduction
BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Domain) is a complete, highly portable
implementation of the DNS (Domain Name System) protocol.
The BIND name server, named, is able to serve as an authoritative name
server, recursive resolver, DNS forwarder, or all three simultaneously. It
implements views for split-horizon DNS, automatic DNSSEC zone signing and
key management, catalog zones to facilitate provisioning of zone data
throughout a name server constellation, response policy zones (RPZ) to
protect clients from malicious data, response rate limiting (RRL) and
recursive query limits to reduce distributed denial of service attacks,
and many other advanced DNS features. BIND also includes a suite of
administrative tools, including the dig and delv DNS lookup tools,
nsupdate for dynamic DNS zone updates, rndc for remote name server
administration, and more.
BIND 9 is a complete re-write of the BIND architecture that was used in
versions 4 and 8. Internet Systems Consortium (https://www.isc.org), a 501
(c)(3) public benefit corporation dedicated to providing software and
services in support of the Internet infrastructure, developed BIND 9 and
is responsible for its ongoing maintenance and improvement. BIND is open
source software licenced under the terms of the Mozilla Public License,
version 2.0.
For a summary of features introduced in past major releases of BIND, see
the file HISTORY.
For a detailed list of changes made throughout the history of BIND 9, see
the file CHANGES. See below for details on the CHANGES file format.
For up-to-date release notes and errata, see http://www.isc.org/software/
bind9/releasenotes
Reporting bugs and getting help
Please report assertion failure errors and suspected security issues to
security-officer@isc.org.
General bug reports can be sent to bind9-bugs@isc.org.
Feature requests can be sent to bind-suggest@isc.org.
Please note that, while ISC's ticketing system is not currently publicly
readable, this may change in the future. Please do not include information
in bug reports that you consider to be confidential. For example, when
sending the contents of your configuration file, it is advisable to
obscure key secrets; this can be done automatically by using
named-checkconf -px.
Professional support and training for BIND are available from ISC at
https://www.isc.org/support.
To join the BIND Users mailing list, or view the archives, visit https://
lists.isc.org/mailman/listinfo/bind-users.
If you're planning on making changes to the BIND 9 source code, you may
also want to join the BIND Workers mailing list, at https://lists.isc.org/
mailman/listinfo/bind-workers.
Contributing to BIND
A public git repository for BIND is maintained at http://www.isc.org/git/,
and also on Github at https://github.com/isc-projects.
Information for BIND contributors can be found in the following files: -
General information: doc/dev/contrib.md - BIND 9 code style: doc/dev/
style.md - BIND architecture and developer guide: doc/dev/dev.md
Patches for BIND may be submitted either as Github pull requests or via
email. When submitting a patch via email, please prepend the subject
header with "[PATCH]" so it will be easier for us to find. If your patch
introduces a new feature in BIND, please submit it to bind-suggest@isc.org
; if it fixes a bug, please submit it to bind9-bugs@isc.org.
BIND 9.12 features
BIND 9.12.0 is the newest development branch of BIND 9. It includes a
number of changes from BIND 9.11 and earlier releases. New features
include:
* named and related libraries have been substantially refactored for for
improved query performance -- particularly on delegation heavy zones
-- and for improved readability, maintainability, and testability.
* Code implementing the name server query processing logic has been
moved into a new libns library, for easier testing and use in tools
other than named.
* Cached, validated NSEC and other records can now be used to synthesize
NXDOMAIN responses.
* The DNS Response Policy Service API (DNSRPS) is now supported.
* Setting max-journal-size default now limits the size of journal files
to twice the size of the zone.
* The query handling code has been substantially refactored for improved
readability, maintainability and testability .
* dnstap-read -x prints a hex dump of the wire format of each logged DNS
message.
* dnstap output files can now be configured to roll automatically when
reaching a given size.
* Log file timestamps can now also be formatted in ISO 8601 (local) or
ISO 8601 (UTC) formats.
* Logging channels and dnstap output files can now be configured to use
a timestamp as the suffix when rolling to a new file.
* named-checkconf -l lists zones found in named.conf.
* Added support for the EDNS Padding and Keepalive options.
* 'new-zones-directory' option sets the location where the configuration
data for zones added by rndc addzone is stored
* named-checkconf -l lists the zones found in named.conf.
Building BIND
BIND requires a UNIX or Linux system with an ANSI C compiler, basic POSIX
support, and a 64-bit integer type. Successful builds have been observed
on many versions of Linux and UNIX, including RedHat, Fedora, Debian,
Ubuntu, SuSE, Slackware, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, Mac OS X, Solaris,
HP-UX, AIX, SCO OpenServer, and OpenWRT.
BIND is also available for Windows XP, 2003, 2008, and higher. See
win32utils/readme1st.txt for details on building for Windows systems.
To build on a UNIX or Linux system, use:
$ ./configure
$ make
If you're planning on making changes to the BIND 9 source, you should run
make depend. If you're using Emacs, you might find make tags helpful.
Several environment variables that can be set before running configure
will affect compilation:
Variable Description
CC The C compiler to use. configure tries to figure out the
right one for supported systems.
C compiler flags. Defaults to include -g and/or -O2 as
CFLAGS supported by the compiler. Please include '-g' if you need
to set CFLAGS.
System header file directories. Can be used to specify
STD_CINCLUDES where add-on thread or IPv6 support is, for example.
Defaults to empty string.
Any additional preprocessor symbols you want defined.
STD_CDEFINES Defaults to empty string. For a list of possible settings,
see the file OPTIONS.
LDFLAGS Linker flags. Defaults to empty string.
BUILD_CC Needed when cross-compiling: the native C compiler to use
when building for the target system.
BUILD_CFLAGS Optional, used for cross-compiling
BUILD_CPPFLAGS
BUILD_LDFLAGS
BUILD_LIBS
Compile-time options
To see a full list of configuration options, run configure --help.
On most platforms, BIND 9 is built with multithreading support, allowing
it to take advantage of multiple CPUs. You can configure this by
specifying --enable-threads or --disable-threads on the configure command
line. The default is to enable threads, except on some older operating
systems on which threads are known to have had problems in the past.
(Note: Prior to BIND 9.10, the default was to disable threads on Linux
systems; this has now been reversed. On Linux systems, the threaded build
is known to change BIND's behavior with respect to file permissions; it
may be necessary to specify a user with the -u option when running named.)
To build shared libraries, specify --with-libtool on the configure command
line.
Certain compiled-in constants and default settings can be increased to
values better suited to large servers with abundant memory resources (e.g,
64-bit servers with 12G or more of memory) by specifying --with-tuning=
large on the configure command line. This can improve performance on big
servers, but will consume more memory and may degrade performance on
smaller systems.
For the server to support DNSSEC, you need to build it with crypto
support. To use OpenSSL, you should have OpenSSL 1.0.2e or newer
installed. If the OpenSSL library is installed in a nonstandard location,
specify the prefix using "--with-openssl=/prefix" on the configure command
line. To use a PKCS#11 hardware service module for cryptographic
operations, specify the path to the PKCS#11 provider library using
"--with-pkcs11=/prefix", and configure BIND with "--enable-native-pkcs11".
To support the HTTP statistics channel, the server must be linked with at
least one of the following: libxml2 http://xmlsoft.org or json-c https://
github.com/json-c. If these are installed at a nonstandard location,
specify the prefix using --with-libxml2=/prefix or --with-libjson=/prefix.
To support compression on the HTTP statistics channel, the server must be
linked against libzlib. If this is installed in a nonstandard location,
specify the prefix using --with-zlib=/prefix.
To support storing configuration data for runtime-added zones in an LMDB
database, the server must be linked with liblmdb. If this is installed in
a nonstandard location, specify the prefix using "with-lmdb=/prefix".
To support GeoIP location-based ACLs, the server must be linked with
libGeoIP. This is not turned on by default; BIND must be configured with
"--with-geoip". If the library is installed in a nonstandard location, use
specify the prefix using "--with-geoip=/prefix".
For DNSTAP packet logging, you must have libfstrm https://github.com/
farsightsec/fstrm and libprotobuf-c https://developers.google.com/
protocol-buffers, and BIND must be configured with "--enable-dnstap".
Python requires the 'argparse' and 'ply' modules to be available.
'argparse' is a standard module as of Python 2.7 and Python 3.2. 'ply' is
available from https://pypi.python.org/pypi/ply.
On some platforms it is necessary to explicitly request large file support
to handle files bigger than 2GB. This can be done by using
--enable-largefile on the configure command line.
Support for the "fixed" rrset-order option can be enabled or disabled by
specifying --enable-fixed-rrset or --disable-fixed-rrset on the configure
command line. By default, fixed rrset-order is disabled to reduce memory
footprint.
If your operating system has integrated support for IPv6, it will be used
automatically. If you have installed KAME IPv6 separately, use --with-kame
[=PATH] to specify its location.
make install will install named and the various BIND 9 libraries. By
default, installation is into /usr/local, but this can be changed with the
--prefix option when running configure.
You may specify the option --sysconfdir to set the directory where
configuration files like named.conf go by default, and --localstatedir to
set the default parent directory of run/named.pid. For backwards
compatibility with BIND 8, --sysconfdir defaults to /etc and
--localstatedir defaults to /var if no --prefix option is given. If there
is a --prefix option, sysconfdir defaults to $prefix/etc and localstatedir
defaults to $prefix/var.
Automated testing
A system test suite can be run with make test. The system tests require
you to configure a set of virtual IP addresses on your system (this allows
multiple servers to run locally and communicate with one another). These
IP addresses can be configured by by running the script bin/tests/system/
ifconfig.sh up as root.
Some tests require Perl and the Net::DNS and/or IO::Socket::INET6 modules,
and will be skipped if these are not available. Some tests require Python
and the 'dnspython' module and will be skipped if these are not available.
See bin/tests/system/README for further details.
Unit tests are implemented using Automated Testing Framework (ATF). To run
them, use configure --with-atf, then run make test or make unit.
Documentation
The BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual is included with the source
distribution, in DocBook XML, HTML and PDF format, in the doc/arm
directory.
Some of the programs in the BIND 9 distribution have man pages in their
directories. In particular, the command line options of named are
documented in bin/named/named.8.
Frequently (and not-so-frequently) asked questions and their answers can
be found in the ISC Knowledge Base at https://kb.isc.org.
Additional information on various subjects can be found in other README
files throughout the source tree.
Change log
A detailed list of all changes that have been made throughout the
development BIND 9 is included in the file CHANGES, with the most recent
changes listed first. Change notes include tags indicating the category of
the change that was made; these categories are:
Category Description
[func] New feature
[bug] General bug fix
[security] Fix for a significant security flaw
[experimental] Used for new features when the syntax or other aspects of
the design are still in flux and may change
[port] Portability enhancement
[maint] Updates to built-in data such as root server addresses and
keys
[tuning] Changes to built-in configuration defaults and constants to
improve performance
[performance] Other changes to improve server performance
[protocol] Updates to the DNS protocol such as new RR types
[test] Changes to the automatic tests, not affecting server
functionality
[cleanup] Minor corrections and refactoring
[doc] Documentation
[contrib] Changes to the contributed tools and libraries in the
'contrib' subdirectory
Used in the master development branch to reserve change
[placeholder] numbers for use in other branches, e.g. when fixing a bug
that only exists in older releases
In general, [func] and [experimental] tags will only appear in new-feature
releases (i.e., those with version numbers ending in zero). Some new
functionality may be backported to older releases on a case-by-case basis.
All other change types may be applied to all currently-supported releases.
Acknowledgments
* The original development of BIND 9 was underwritten by the following
organizations:
Sun Microsystems, Inc.
Hewlett Packard
Compaq Computer Corporation
IBM
Process Software Corporation
Silicon Graphics, Inc.
Network Associates, Inc.
U.S. Defense Information Systems Agency
USENIX Association
Stichting NLnet - NLnet Foundation
Nominum, Inc.
* This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project for
use in the OpenSSL Toolkit. http://www.OpenSSL.org/
* This product includes cryptographic software written by Eric Young
(eay@cryptsoft.com)
* This product includes software written by Tim Hudson
(tjh@cryptsoft.com)

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<div><h1 class="title">
<a name="id-1"></a>BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</h1></div>
<div><p class="releaseinfo">BIND Version 9.12.0-pre-alpha</p></div>
<div><p class="copyright">Copyright <20> 2000-2017 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")</p></div>
</div>
<hr>
</div>
<div class="toc">
<p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>
<dl class="toc">
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch01.html">1. Introduction</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch01.html#doc_scope">Scope of Document</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch01.html#organization">Organization of This Document</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch01.html#conventions">Conventions Used in This Document</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch01.html#dns_overview">The Domain Name System (<acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym>)</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch01.html#dns_fundamentals">DNS Fundamentals</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch01.html#domain_names">Domains and Domain Names</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch01.html#zones">Zones</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch01.html#auth_servers">Authoritative Name Servers</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch01.html#cache_servers">Caching Name Servers</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch01.html#multi_role">Name Servers in Multiple Roles</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch02.html">2. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> Resource Requirements</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch02.html#hw_req">Hardware requirements</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch02.html#cpu_req">CPU Requirements</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch02.html#mem_req">Memory Requirements</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch02.html#intensive_env">Name Server Intensive Environment Issues</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch02.html#supported_os">Supported Operating Systems</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html">3. Name Server Configuration</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#sample_configuration">Sample Configurations</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#cache_only_sample">A Caching-only Name Server</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#auth_only_sample">An Authoritative-only Name Server</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#load_balancing">Load Balancing</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#ns_operations">Name Server Operations</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#tools">Tools for Use With the Name Server Daemon</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#signals">Signals</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html">4. Advanced DNS Features</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#notify">Notify</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#dynamic_update">Dynamic Update</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#journal">The journal file</a></span></dt></dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#incremental_zone_transfers">Incremental Zone Transfers (IXFR)</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#split_dns">Split DNS</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#split_dns_sample">Example split DNS setup</a></span></dt></dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#tsig">TSIG</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.6.5">Generating a Shared Key</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.6.6">Loading A New Key</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.6.7">Instructing the Server to Use a Key</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.6.8">TSIG-Based Access Control</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.6.9">Errors</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#tkey">TKEY</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#sig0">SIG(0)</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#DNSSEC">DNSSEC</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#dnssec_keys">Generating Keys</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#dnssec_signing">Signing the Zone</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#dnssec_config">Configuring Servers</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#dnssec.dynamic.zones">DNSSEC, Dynamic Zones, and Automatic Signing</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.10.3">Converting from insecure to secure</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.10.8">Dynamic DNS update method</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.10.16">Fully automatic zone signing</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.10.25">Private-type records</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.10.32">DNSKEY rollovers</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.10.34">Dynamic DNS update method</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.10.39">Automatic key rollovers</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.10.41">NSEC3PARAM rollovers via UPDATE</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.10.43">Converting from NSEC to NSEC3</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.10.45">Converting from NSEC3 to NSEC</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.10.47">Converting from secure to insecure</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.10.51">Periodic re-signing</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.10.53">NSEC3 and OPTOUT</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#rfc5011.support">Dynamic Trust Anchor Management</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.11.3">Validating Resolver</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.11.4">Authoritative Server</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#pkcs11">PKCS#11 (Cryptoki) support</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.12.6">Prerequisites</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.12.7">Native PKCS#11</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.12.8">OpenSSL-based PKCS#11</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.12.9">PKCS#11 Tools</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.12.10">Using the HSM</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.12.11">Specifying the engine on the command line</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.12.12">Running named with automatic zone re-signing</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#dlz-info">DLZ (Dynamically Loadable Zones)</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.13.6">Configuring DLZ</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.13.7">Sample DLZ Driver</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#dyndb-info">DynDB (Dynamic Database)</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.14.5">Configuring DynDB</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.14.6">Sample DynDB Module</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#catz-info">Catalog Zones</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.15.4">Principle of Operation</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.15.5">Configuring Catalog Zones</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.15.6">Catalog Zone format</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#ipv6">IPv6 Support in <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.16.6">Address Lookups Using AAAA Records</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html#id-1.5.16.7">Address to Name Lookups Using Nibble Format</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html">5. The <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Lightweight Resolver</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch05.html#lightweight_resolver">The Lightweight Resolver Library</a></span></dt></dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html">6. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Configuration Reference</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#configuration_file_elements">Configuration File Elements</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#address_match_lists">Address Match Lists</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#comment_syntax">Comment Syntax</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#Configuration_File_Grammar">Configuration File Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#acl_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>acl</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#acl"><span class="command"><strong>acl</strong></span> Statement Definition and
Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_statement_definition_and_usage"><span class="command"><strong>controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#include_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>include</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#include_statement"><span class="command"><strong>include</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#key_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#key_statement"><span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#logging_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>logging</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#logging_statement"><span class="command"><strong>logging</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#masters_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#masters_statement"><span class="command"><strong>masters</strong></span> Statement Definition and
Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#options"><span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> Statement Definition and
Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#server_statement_definition_and_usage"><span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> Statement Definition and
Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statschannels"><span class="command"><strong>statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statistics_channels"><span class="command"><strong>statistics-channels</strong></span> Statement Definition and
Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#trusted-keys"><span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#trusted_keys"><span class="command"><strong>trusted-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
and Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#managed_keys"><span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#managed-keys"><span class="command"><strong>managed-keys</strong></span> Statement Definition
and Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#view_statement_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#view_statement"><span class="command"><strong>view</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_statement_grammar"><span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span>
Statement Grammar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_statement"><span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span> Statement Definition and Usage</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_file">Zone File</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#types_of_resource_records_and_when_to_use_them">Types of Resource Records and When to Use Them</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#mx_records">Discussion of MX Records</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#Setting_TTLs">Setting TTLs</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#ipv4_reverse">Inverse Mapping in IPv4</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zone_directives">Other Zone File Directives</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#generate_directive"><acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> Master File Extension: the <span class="command"><strong>$GENERATE</strong></span> Directive</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#zonefile_format">Additional File Formats</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statistics">BIND9 Statistics</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statsfile">The Statistics File</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statistics_counters">Statistics Counters</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html">7. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9 Security Considerations</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#Access_Control_Lists">Access Control Lists</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#chroot_and_setuid"><span class="command"><strong>Chroot</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>Setuid</strong></span></a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#chroot">The <span class="command"><strong>chroot</strong></span> Environment</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#setuid">Using the <span class="command"><strong>setuid</strong></span> Function</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch07.html#dynamic_update_security">Dynamic Update Security</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html">8. Troubleshooting</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#common_problems">Common Problems</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#id-1.9.2.2">It's not working; how can I figure out what's wrong?</a></span></dt></dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#id-1.9.3">Incrementing and Changing the Serial Number</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch08.html#more_help">Where Can I Get Help?</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="appendix"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html">A. Release Notes</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#id-1.10.2">Release Notes for BIND Version 9.12.0-pre-alpha</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_intro">Introduction</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_download">Download</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_license">License Change</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#win_support">Windows XP No Longer Supported</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_security">Security Fixes</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_features">New Features</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#proto_changes">Protocol Changes</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_changes">Feature Changes</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_bugs">Bug Fixes</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#end_of_life">End of Life</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch09.html#relnotes_thanks">Thank You</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="appendix"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch10.html">B. A Brief History of the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> and <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="appendix"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch11.html">C. General <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> Reference Information</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch11.html#ipv6addresses">IPv6 addresses (AAAA)</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch11.html#bibliography">Bibliography (and Suggested Reading)</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch11.html#rfcs">Request for Comments (RFCs)</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch11.html#internet_drafts">Internet Drafts</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch11.html#more_about_bind">Other Documents About <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym></a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="appendix"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html">D. BIND 9 DNS Library Support</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#bind9.library">BIND 9 DNS Library Support</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id-1.13.2.4">Prerequisite</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id-1.13.2.5">Compilation</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id-1.13.2.6">Installation</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id-1.13.2.7">Known Defects/Restrictions</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id-1.13.2.8">The dns.conf File</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id-1.13.2.9">Sample Applications</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch12.html#id-1.13.2.10">Library References</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="reference"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch13.html">I. Manual pages</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dig.html">dig</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; DNS lookup utility</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.mdig.html"><span class="application">mdig</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; DNS pipelined lookup utility</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.host.html">host</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; DNS lookup utility</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.delv.html">delv</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; DNS lookup and validation utility</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.nslookup.html">nslookup</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; query Internet name servers interactively</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnssec-checkds.html"><span class="application">dnssec-checkds</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; DNSSEC delegation consistency checking tool</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnssec-coverage.html"><span class="application">dnssec-coverage</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; checks future DNSKEY coverage for a zone</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnssec-dsfromkey.html"><span class="application">dnssec-dsfromkey</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; DNSSEC DS RR generation tool</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnssec-importkey.html"><span class="application">dnssec-importkey</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; import DNSKEY records from external systems so they can be managed</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnssec-keyfromlabel.html"><span class="application">dnssec-keyfromlabel</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; DNSSEC key generation tool</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnssec-keygen.html"><span class="application">dnssec-keygen</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; DNSSEC key generation tool</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnssec-keymgr.html"><span class="application">dnssec-keymgr</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; Ensures correct DNSKEY coverage for a zone based on a defined policy</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnssec-revoke.html"><span class="application">dnssec-revoke</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; set the REVOKED bit on a DNSSEC key</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnssec-settime.html"><span class="application">dnssec-settime</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; set the key timing metadata for a DNSSEC key</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnssec-signzone.html"><span class="application">dnssec-signzone</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; DNSSEC zone signing tool</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnssec-verify.html"><span class="application">dnssec-verify</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; DNSSEC zone verification tool</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.named.html"><span class="application">named</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; Internet domain name server</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.named.conf.html"><code class="filename">named.conf</code></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; configuration file for <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.named-checkconf.html"><span class="application">named-checkconf</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; named configuration file syntax checking tool</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.named-checkzone.html"><span class="application">named-checkzone</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; zone file validity checking or converting tool</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.named-journalprint.html"><span class="application">named-journalprint</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; print zone journal in human-readable form</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.named-nzd2nzf.html"><span class="application">named-nzd2nzf</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212;
Convert an NZD database to NZF text format
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.named-rrchecker.html"><span class="application">named-rrchecker</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; syntax checker for individual DNS resource records</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.nsupdate.html"><span class="application">nsupdate</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; Dynamic DNS update utility</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.rndc.html"><span class="application">rndc</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; name server control utility</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.rndc.conf.html"><code class="filename">rndc.conf</code></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; rndc configuration file</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.rndc-confgen.html"><span class="application">rndc-confgen</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; rndc key generation tool</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.ddns-confgen.html"><span class="application">ddns-confgen</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; ddns key generation tool</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.arpaname.html"><span class="application">arpaname</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; translate IP addresses to the corresponding ARPA names</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.dnstap-read.html"><span class="application">dnstap-read</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; print dnstap data in human-readable form</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.genrandom.html"><span class="application">genrandom</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; generate a file containing random data</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.isc-hmac-fixup.html"><span class="application">isc-hmac-fixup</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; fixes HMAC keys generated by older versions of BIND</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.nsec3hash.html"><span class="application">nsec3hash</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; generate NSEC3 hash</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.pkcs11-destroy.html"><span class="application">pkcs11-destroy</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; destroy PKCS#11 objects</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.pkcs11-list.html"><span class="application">pkcs11-list</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; list PKCS#11 objects</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.pkcs11-keygen.html"><span class="application">pkcs11-keygen</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; generate keys on a PKCS#11 device</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="man.pkcs11-tokens.html"><span class="application">pkcs11-tokens</span></a></span><span class="refpurpose"> &#8212; list PKCS#11 available tokens</span>
</dt>
</dl></dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
<div class="navfooter">
<hr>
<table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer">
<tr>
<td width="40%" align="left"><EFBFBD></td>
<td width="20%" align="center"><EFBFBD></td>
<td width="40%" align="right"><EFBFBD><a accesskey="n" href="Bv9ARM.ch01.html">Next</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="40%" align="left" valign="top"><EFBFBD></td>
<td width="20%" align="center"><EFBFBD></td>
<td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"><EFBFBD>Chapter<EFBFBD>1.<2E>Introduction</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<p xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" style="text-align: center;">BIND 9.12.0-pre-alpha</p>
</body>
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<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.78.1">
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<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="article">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
<a name="id-1.2"></a>Release Notes for BIND Version 9.12.0-pre-alpha</h2></div></div></div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="relnotes_intro"></a>Introduction</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
BIND 9.12.0 is a new feature release of BIND, still under development.
This document summarizes new features and functional changes that
have been introduced on this branch. With each development
release leading up to the final BIND 9.12.0 release, this document
will be updated with additional features added and bugs fixed.
</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="relnotes_download"></a>Download</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
The latest versions of BIND 9 software can always be found at
<a class="link" href="http://www.isc.org/downloads/" target="_top">http://www.isc.org/downloads/</a>.
There you will find additional information about each release,
source code, and pre-compiled versions for Microsoft Windows
operating systems.
</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="relnotes_license"></a>License Change</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
With the release of BIND 9.11.0, ISC changed to the open
source license for BIND from the ISC license to the Mozilla
Public License (MPL 2.0).
</p>
<p>
The MPL-2.0 license requires that if you make changes to
licensed software (e.g. BIND) and distribute them outside
your organization, that you publish those changes under that
same license. It does not require that you publish or disclose
anything other than the changes you made to our software.
</p>
<p>
This requirement will not affect anyone who is using BIND
without redistributing it, nor anyone redistributing it without
changes, therefore this change will be without consequence
for most individuals and organizations who are using BIND.
</p>
<p>
Those unsure whether or not the license change affects their
use of BIND, or who wish to discuss how to comply with the
license may contact ISC at <a class="link" href="https://www.isc.org/mission/contact/" target="_top">
https://www.isc.org/mission/contact/</a>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="win_support"></a>Windows XP No Longer Supported</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
As of BIND 9.11.2, Windows XP is no longer a supported platform for
BIND, and Windows XP binaries are no longer available for download
from ISC.
</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="relnotes_security"></a>Security Fixes</h3></div></div></div>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
<p>
None.
</p>
</li></ul></div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="relnotes_features"></a>New Features</h3></div></div></div>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Many aspects of <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> have been modified
to improve query performance, and in particular, performance
for delegation-heavy zones:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: circle; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The additional cache ("acache") was found not to
significantly improve performance and has been removed;
the <span class="command"><strong>acache-enable</strong></span> and
<span class="command"><strong>acache-cleaning-interval</strong></span> options are now
deprecated.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
In place of the acache, <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> can now use
a glue cache to speed up retrieval of glue records when sending
delegation responses. Unlike acache, this feature is on by
default; use <span class="command"><strong>glue-cache no;</strong></span> to disable it.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The <span class="command"><strong>additional-from-cache</strong></span>
and <span class="command"><strong>additional-from-auth</strong></span> options have been
deprecated.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<span class="command"><strong>minimal-responses</strong></span> is now set
to <code class="literal">yes</code> by default.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Several functions have been refactored to improve
performance, including name compression, owner name
case restoration, hashing, and buffers.
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Several areas of code have been refactored for improved
readability, maintainability, and testability:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: circle; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> query logic implemented in
<span class="command"><strong>query_find()</strong></span> has been split into
smaller functions with a context structure to maintain state
between them, and extensive comments have been added.
[RT #43929]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Similarly the iterative query logic implemented in
<span class="command"><strong>resquery_response()</strong></span> function has been
split into smaller functions and comments added. [RT #45362]
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Code implementing name server query processing has been moved
from <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> to an external library,
<span class="command"><strong>libns</strong></span>. This will make it easier to
write unit tests for the code, or to link it into new tools.
[RT #45186]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> can now synthesize NXDOMAIN responses
from cached DNSSEC-verified records returned in negative or
wildcard responses. This will reduce query loads on
authoritative servers for signed domains: if existing cached
records can be used by the resolver to determine that a name does
not exist in the authorittive domain, then no query needs to
be sent.
</p>
<p>
This behavior is controlled by the new
<code class="filename">named.conf</code> option
<span class="command"><strong>synth-from-dnssec</strong></span>. It is enabled by
default.
</p>
<p>
Note: This initial implementation can only synthesize NXDOMAIN
responses, from NSEC records. Support for NODATA responses,
wilcard responses, and NSEC3 records will be added soon.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The DNS Response Policy Service (DNSRPS) API, a mechanism to
allow <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> to use an external response policy
provider, is now supported. (One example of such a provider is
"FastRPZ" from Farsight Security, Inc.) This allows the same
types of policy filtering as standard RPZ, but can reduce the
workload for <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>, particularly when using
large and frequently-updated policy zones. It also enables
<span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> to share response policy providers
with other DNS implementations such as Unbound.
</p>
<p>
This feature is avaiable if BIND is built with
<span class="command"><strong>configure --enable-dnsrps</strong></span>, if a DNSRPS
provider is installed, and if <span class="command"><strong>dnsrps-enable</strong></span>
is set to "yes" in <code class="filename">named.conf</code>. Standard
built-in RPZ is used otherwise.
</p>
<p>
Thanks to Vernon Schryver and Farsight Security for the
contribution. [RT #43376]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Setting <span class="command"><strong>max-journal-size</strong></span> to
<code class="literal">default</code> limits journal sizes to twice the
size of the zone contents. This can be overridden by setting
<span class="command"><strong>max-journal-size</strong></span> to <code class="literal">unlimited</code>
or to an explicit value up to 2G. Thanks to Tony Finch for
the contribution. [RT #38324]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span> logfiles can now be configured to
automatically roll when they reach a specified size. If
<span class="command"><strong>dnstap-output</strong></span> is configured with mode
<code class="literal">file</code>, then it can take optional
<span class="command"><strong>size</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>versions</strong></span>
key-value arguments to set the logfile rolling parameters.
(These have the same semantics as the corresponding
options in a <span class="command"><strong>logging</strong></span> channel statement.)
[RT #44502]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Logging channels and <span class="command"><strong>dnstap-output</strong></span> files can
now be configured with a <span class="command"><strong>suffix</strong></span> option,
set to either <code class="literal">increment</code> or
<code class="literal">timestamp</code>, indicating whether log files
should be given incrementing suffixes when they roll
over (e.g., <code class="filename">logfile.0</code>,
<code class="filename">.1</code>, <code class="filename">.2</code>, etc)
or suffixes indicating the time of the roll. The default
is <code class="literal">increment</code>. [RT #42838]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The <code class="option">print-time</code> option in the
<code class="option">logging</code> configuration can now take arguments
<strong class="userinput"><code>local</code></strong>, <strong class="userinput"><code>iso8601</code></strong> or
<strong class="userinput"><code>iso8601-utc</code></strong> to indicate the format in
which the date and time should be logged. For backward
compatibility, <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> is a synonym for
<strong class="userinput"><code>local</code></strong>. [RT #42585]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<span class="command"><strong>nsupdate</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>rndc</strong></span> now accepts
command line options <span class="command"><strong>-4</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>-6</strong></span>
which force using only IPv4 or only IPv6, respectively. [RT #45632]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<span class="command"><strong>nsec3hash -r</strong></span> ("rdata order") takes arguments
in the same order as they appear in NSEC3 or NSEC3PARAM records.
This makes it easier to generate an NSEC3 hash using values cut
and pasted from an existing record. Thanks to Tony Finch for
the contribution. [RT #45183]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The <span class="command"><strong>new-zones-directory</strong></span> option allows
<span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> to store configuration parameters
for zones added via <span class="command"><strong>rndc addzone</strong></span> in a
location other than the working directory. Thanks to Petr
Men&#353;<EFBFBD>k of Red Hat for the contribution.
[RT #44853]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The <span class="command"><strong>dnstap-read -x</strong></span> option prints a hex
dump of the wire format DNS message encapsulated in each
<span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span> log entry. [RT #44816]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The <span class="command"><strong>host -A</strong></span> option returns most
records for a name, but omits types RRSIG, NSEC and NSEC3.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<span class="command"><strong>dig +ednsopt</strong></span> now accepts the names
for EDNS options in addition to numeric values. For example,
an EDNS Client-Subnet option could be sent using
<span class="command"><strong>dig +ednsopt=ecs:...</strong></span>. Thanks to
John Worley of Secure64 for the contribution. [RT #44461]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Added support for the EDNS TCP Keepalive option (RFC 7828);
this allows negotiation of longer-lived TCP sessions
to reduce the overhead of setting up TCP for individual
queries. [RT #42126]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Added support for the EDNS Padding option (RFC 7830),
which obfuscates packet size analysis when DNS queries
are sent over an encrypted channel. [RT #42094]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<span class="command"><strong>rndc</strong></span> commands which refer to zone names
can now reference a zone of type <span class="command"><strong>redirect</strong></span>
by using the special zone name "-redirect". (Previously this
was not possible because <span class="command"><strong>redirect</strong></span> zones
always have the name ".", which can be ambiguous.)
</p>
<p>
In the event you need to manipulate a zone actually
called "-redirect", use a trailing dot: "-redirect."
</p>
<p>
Note: This change does not appply to the
<span class="command"><strong>rndc addzone</strong></span> or
<span class="command"><strong>rndc modzone</strong></span> commands.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<span class="command"><strong>named-checkconf -l</strong></span> lists the zones found
in <code class="filename">named.conf</code>. [RT #43154]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Query logging now includes the ECS option, if one was
present in the query, in the format
"[ECS <em class="replaceable"><code>address/source/scope</code></em>]".
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="proto_changes"></a>Protocol Changes</h3></div></div></div>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
BIND can now use the Ed25519 and Ed448 Edwards Curve DNSSEC
signing algorithms described in RFC 8080. Note, however, that
these algorithms must be supported in OpenSSL;
currently they are only available in the development branch
of OpenSSL at
<a class="link" href="https://github.com/openssl/openssl" target="_top">https://github.com/openssl/openssl</a>.
[RT #44696]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
EDNS KEY TAG options are verified and printed.
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="relnotes_changes"></a>Feature Changes</h3></div></div></div>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The lightweight resolver daemon and library (<span class="command"><strong>lwresd</strong></span>
and <span class="command"><strong>liblwres</strong></span>) have been removed. [RT #45186]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<span class="command"><strong>dnssec-keygen</strong></span> no longer has default
algorithm settings. It is necessary to explicitly specify the
algorithm on the command line with the <code class="option">-a</code> option
when generating keys. This may cause errors with existing signing
scripts if they rely on current defaults. The intent is to
reduce the long-term cost of transitioning to newer algorithms in
the event of RSASHA1 being deprecated. [RT #44755]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<span class="command"><strong>dig +sigchase</strong></span> and related options
<span class="command"><strong>+trusted-keys</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>+topdown</strong></span>
have been removed. <span class="command"><strong>delv</strong></span> is now the recommended
command for looking up records with DNSSEC validation.
[RT #42793]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The Response Policy Zone (RPZ) implementation has been
substantially refactored: updates to the RPZ summary
database are no longer directly performed by the zone
database but by a separate function that is called when
a policy zone is updated. This improves both performance
and reliability when policy zones receive frequent updates.
Summary database updates can be rate-limited by using the
<span class="command"><strong>min-update-interval</strong></span> option in a
<span class="command"><strong>response-policy</strong></span> statement. [RT #43449]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<span class="command"><strong>dnstap</strong></span> now stores both the local and remote
addresses for all messages, instead of only the remote address.
The default output format for <span class="command"><strong>dnstap-read</strong></span> has
been updated to include these addresses, with the initiating
address first and the responding address second, separated by
"-%gt;" or "%lt;-" to indicate in which direction the message
was sent. [RT #43595]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Expanded and improved the YAML output from
<span class="command"><strong>dnstap-read -y</strong></span>: it now includes packet
size and a detailed breakdown of message contents.
[RT #43622] [RT #43642]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Threads in <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> are now set to human-readable
names to assist debugging on operating systems that support that.
Threads will have names such as "isc-timer", "isc-sockmgr",
"isc-worker0001", and so on. This will affect the reporting of
subsidiary thread names in <span class="command"><strong>ps</strong></span> and
<span class="command"><strong>top</strong></span>, but not the main thread. [RT #43234]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
If an ACL is specified with an address prefix in which the
prefix length is longer than the address portion (for example,
192.0.2.1/8), it will now be treated as a fatal error during
configuration. [RT #43367]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<span class="command"><strong>dig</strong></span> now warns about .local queries which are
reserved for Multicast DNS. [RT #44783]
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The view associated with the query is now logged unless it
it is "_default/IN" or "_dnsclient/IN" when logging DNSSEC
validator messages.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Multiple <span class="command"><strong>cookie-secret</strong></span> clauses are now
supported. The first <span class="command"><strong>cookie-secret</strong></span> in
<code class="filename">named.conf</code> is used to generate new
server cookies. Any others are used to accept old server
cookies or those generated by other servers using the
matching <span class="command"><strong>cookie-secret</strong></span>.
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="relnotes_bugs"></a>Bug Fixes</h3></div></div></div>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
<p>
None.
</p>
</li></ul></div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="end_of_life"></a>End of Life</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
The end of life for BIND 9.12 is yet to be determined but
will not be before BIND 9.14.0 has been released for 6 months.
<a class="link" href="https://www.isc.org/downloads/software-support-policy/" target="_top">https://www.isc.org/downloads/software-support-policy/</a>
</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="relnotes_thanks"></a>Thank You</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
Thank you to everyone who assisted us in making this release possible.
If you would like to contribute to ISC to assist us in continuing to
make quality open source software, please visit our donations page at
<a class="link" href="http://www.isc.org/donate/" target="_top">http://www.isc.org/donate/</a>.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div></body>
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This is a summary of the named.conf options supported by
this version of BIND 9.
acl <string> { <address_match_element>; ... }; // may occur multiple times
controls {
inet ( <ipv4_address> | <ipv6_address> |
* ) [ port ( <integer> | * ) ] allow
{ <address_match_element>; ... } [
keys { <string>; ... } ] [ read-only
<boolean> ]; // may occur multiple times
unix <quoted_string> perm <integer>
owner <integer> group <integer> [
keys { <string>; ... } ] [ read-only
<boolean> ]; // may occur multiple times
}; // may occur multiple times
dlz <string> {
database <string>;
search <boolean>;
}; // may occur multiple times
dyndb <string> <quoted_string> {
<unspecified-text> }; // may occur multiple times
key <string> {
algorithm <string>;
secret <string>;
}; // may occur multiple times
logging {
category <string> { <string>; ... }; // may occur multiple times
channel <string> {
buffered <boolean>;
file <quoted_string> [ versions ( unlimited | <integer> ) ]
[ size <size> ] [ suffix ( increment | timestamp ) ];
null;
print-category <boolean>;
print-severity <boolean>;
print-time ( iso8601 | iso8601-utc | local | <boolean> );
severity <log_severity>;
stderr;
syslog [ <syslog_facility> ];
}; // may occur multiple times
};
lwres { <unspecified-text> }; // obsolete, may occur multiple times
managed-keys { <string> <string> <integer>
<integer> <integer> <quoted_string>; ... }; // may occur multiple times
masters <string> [ port <integer> ] [ dscp
<integer> ] { ( <masters> | <ipv4_address> [
port <integer> ] | <ipv6_address> [ port
<integer> ] ) [ key <string> ]; ... }; // may occur multiple times
options {
acache-cleaning-interval <integer>; // obsolete
acache-enable <boolean>; // obsolete
additional-from-auth <boolean>; // obsolete
additional-from-cache <boolean>; // obsolete
allow-new-zones <boolean>;
allow-notify { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-query { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-query-cache { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-query-cache-on { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-query-on { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-recursion { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-recursion-on { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-transfer { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-update { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-update-forwarding { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-v6-synthesis { <address_match_element>; ... }; // obsolete
also-notify [ port <integer> ] [ dscp <integer> ] { ( <masters> |
<ipv4_address> [ port <integer> ] | <ipv6_address> [ port
<integer> ] ) [ key <string> ]; ... };
alt-transfer-source ( <ipv4_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> | * )
] [ dscp <integer> ];
alt-transfer-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> |
* ) ] [ dscp <integer> ];
attach-cache <string>;
auth-nxdomain <boolean>; // default changed
auto-dnssec ( allow | maintain | off );
automatic-interface-scan <boolean>;
avoid-v4-udp-ports { <portrange>; ... };
avoid-v6-udp-ports { <portrange>; ... };
bindkeys-file <quoted_string>;
blackhole { <address_match_element>; ... };
cache-file <quoted_string>;
catalog-zones { zone <quoted_string> [ default-masters [ port
<integer> ] [ dscp <integer> ] { ( <masters> | <ipv4_address> [
port <integer> ] | <ipv6_address> [ port <integer> ] ) [ key
<string> ]; ... } ] [ zone-directory <quoted_string> ] [
in-memory <boolean> ] [ min-update-interval <integer> ]; ... };
check-dup-records ( fail | warn | ignore );
check-integrity <boolean>;
check-mx ( fail | warn | ignore );
check-mx-cname ( fail | warn | ignore );
check-names ( master | slave | response
) ( fail | warn | ignore ); // may occur multiple times
check-sibling <boolean>;
check-spf ( warn | ignore );
check-srv-cname ( fail | warn | ignore );
check-wildcard <boolean>;
cleaning-interval <integer>;
clients-per-query <integer>;
cookie-algorithm ( aes | sha1 | sha256 );
cookie-secret <string>; // may occur multiple times
coresize ( default | unlimited | <sizeval> );
datasize ( default | unlimited | <sizeval> );
deallocate-on-exit <boolean>; // obsolete
deny-answer-addresses { <address_match_element>; ... } [
except-from { <quoted_string>; ... } ];
deny-answer-aliases { <quoted_string>; ... } [ except-from {
<quoted_string>; ... } ];
dialup ( notify | notify-passive | passive | refresh | <boolean> );
directory <quoted_string>;
disable-algorithms <string> { <string>;
... }; // may occur multiple times
disable-ds-digests <string> { <string>;
... }; // may occur multiple times
disable-empty-zone <string>; // may occur multiple times
dns64 <netprefix> {
break-dnssec <boolean>;
clients { <address_match_element>; ... };
exclude { <address_match_element>; ... };
mapped { <address_match_element>; ... };
recursive-only <boolean>;
suffix <ipv6_address>;
}; // may occur multiple times
dns64-contact <string>;
dns64-server <string>;
dnsrps-enable <boolean>; // not configured
dnsrps-options { <unspecified-text> }; // not configured
dnssec-accept-expired <boolean>;
dnssec-dnskey-kskonly <boolean>;
dnssec-enable <boolean>;
dnssec-loadkeys-interval <integer>;
dnssec-lookaside ( <string> trust-anchor
<string> | auto | no ); // may occur multiple times
dnssec-must-be-secure <string> <boolean>; // may occur multiple times
dnssec-secure-to-insecure <boolean>;
dnssec-update-mode ( maintain | no-resign );
dnssec-validation ( yes | no | auto );
dnstap { ( all | auth | client | forwarder |
resolver ) [ ( query | response ) ]; ... }; // not configured
dnstap-identity ( <quoted_string> | none |
hostname ); // not configured
dnstap-output ( file | unix ) <quoted_string> [
size ( unlimited | <size> ) ] [ versions (
unlimited | <integer> ) ] [ suffix ( increment
| timestamp ) ]; // not configured
dnstap-version ( <quoted_string> | none ); // not configured
dscp <integer>;
dual-stack-servers [ port <integer> ] { ( <quoted_string> [ port
<integer> ] [ dscp <integer> ] | <ipv4_address> [ port
<integer> ] [ dscp <integer> ] | <ipv6_address> [ port
<integer> ] [ dscp <integer> ] ); ... };
dump-file <quoted_string>;
edns-udp-size <integer>;
empty-contact <string>;
empty-server <string>;
empty-zones-enable <boolean>;
fake-iquery <boolean>; // obsolete
fetch-glue <boolean>; // obsolete
fetch-quota-params <integer> <fixedpoint> <fixedpoint> <fixedpoint>;
fetches-per-server <integer> [ ( drop | fail ) ];
fetches-per-zone <integer> [ ( drop | fail ) ];
files ( default | unlimited | <sizeval> );
filter-aaaa { <address_match_element>; ... }; // not configured
filter-aaaa-on-v4 ( break-dnssec | <boolean> ); // not configured
filter-aaaa-on-v6 ( break-dnssec | <boolean> ); // not configured
flush-zones-on-shutdown <boolean>;
forward ( first | only );
forwarders [ port <integer> ] [ dscp <integer> ] { ( <ipv4_address>
| <ipv6_address> ) [ port <integer> ] [ dscp <integer> ]; ... };
fstrm-set-buffer-hint <integer>; // not configured
fstrm-set-flush-timeout <integer>; // not configured
fstrm-set-input-queue-size <integer>; // not configured
fstrm-set-output-notify-threshold <integer>; // not configured
fstrm-set-output-queue-model ( mpsc | spsc ); // not configured
fstrm-set-output-queue-size <integer>; // not configured
fstrm-set-reopen-interval <integer>; // not configured
geoip-directory ( <quoted_string> | none ); // not configured
geoip-use-ecs <boolean>; // not configured
glue-cache <boolean>;
has-old-clients <boolean>; // obsolete
heartbeat-interval <integer>;
host-statistics <boolean>; // not implemented
host-statistics-max <integer>; // not implemented
hostname ( <quoted_string> | none );
inline-signing <boolean>;
interface-interval <integer>;
ixfr-from-differences ( master | slave | <boolean> );
keep-response-order { <address_match_element>; ... };
key-directory <quoted_string>;
lame-ttl <ttlval>;
listen-on [ port <integer> ] [ dscp
<integer> ] {
<address_match_element>; ... }; // may occur multiple times
listen-on-v6 [ port <integer> ] [ dscp
<integer> ] {
<address_match_element>; ... }; // may occur multiple times
lmdb-mapsize <sizeval>; // non-operational
lock-file ( <quoted_string> | none );
maintain-ixfr-base <boolean>; // obsolete
managed-keys-directory <quoted_string>;
masterfile-format ( map | raw | text );
masterfile-style ( full | relative );
match-mapped-addresses <boolean>;
max-acache-size ( unlimited | <sizeval> ); // obsolete
max-cache-size ( default | unlimited | <sizeval> | <percentage> );
max-cache-ttl <integer>;
max-clients-per-query <integer>;
max-ixfr-log-size ( default | unlimited | <sizeval> ); // obsolete
max-journal-size ( default | unlimited | <sizeval> );
max-ncache-ttl <integer>;
max-records <integer>;
max-recursion-depth <integer>;
max-recursion-queries <integer>;
max-refresh-time <integer>;
max-retry-time <integer>;
max-rsa-exponent-size <integer>;
max-stale-ttl <ttlval>;
max-transfer-idle-in <integer>;
max-transfer-idle-out <integer>;
max-transfer-time-in <integer>;
max-transfer-time-out <integer>;
max-udp-size <integer>;
max-zone-ttl ( unlimited | <ttlval> );
memstatistics <boolean>;
memstatistics-file <quoted_string>;
message-compression <boolean>;
min-refresh-time <integer>;
min-retry-time <integer>;
min-roots <integer>; // not implemented
minimal-any <boolean>;
minimal-responses ( no-auth | no-auth-recursive | <boolean> );
multi-master <boolean>;
multiple-cnames <boolean>; // obsolete
named-xfer <quoted_string>; // obsolete
new-zones-directory <quoted_string>;
no-case-compress { <address_match_element>; ... };
nocookie-udp-size <integer>;
nosit-udp-size <integer>; // obsolete
notify ( explicit | master-only | <boolean> );
notify-delay <integer>;
notify-rate <integer>;
notify-source ( <ipv4_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> | * ) ] [
dscp <integer> ];
notify-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> | * ) ]
[ dscp <integer> ];
notify-to-soa <boolean>;
nsec3-test-zone <boolean>; // test only
nta-lifetime <ttlval>;
nta-recheck <ttlval>;
nxdomain-redirect <string>;
pid-file ( <quoted_string> | none );
port <integer>;
preferred-glue <string>;
prefetch <integer> [ <integer> ];
provide-ixfr <boolean>;
query-source ( ( [ address ] ( <ipv4_address> | * ) [ port (
<integer> | * ) ] ) | ( [ [ address ] ( <ipv4_address> | * ) ]
port ( <integer> | * ) ) ) [ dscp <integer> ];
query-source-v6 ( ( [ address ] ( <ipv6_address> | * ) [ port (
<integer> | * ) ] ) | ( [ [ address ] ( <ipv6_address> | * ) ]
port ( <integer> | * ) ) ) [ dscp <integer> ];
querylog <boolean>;
queryport-pool-ports <integer>; // obsolete
queryport-pool-updateinterval <integer>; // obsolete
random-device <quoted_string>;
rate-limit {
all-per-second <integer>;
errors-per-second <integer>;
exempt-clients { <address_match_element>; ... };
ipv4-prefix-length <integer>;
ipv6-prefix-length <integer>;
log-only <boolean>;
max-table-size <integer>;
min-table-size <integer>;
nodata-per-second <integer>;
nxdomains-per-second <integer>;
qps-scale <integer>;
referrals-per-second <integer>;
responses-per-second <integer>;
slip <integer>;
window <integer>;
};
recursing-file <quoted_string>;
recursion <boolean>;
recursive-clients <integer>;
request-expire <boolean>;
request-ixfr <boolean>;
request-nsid <boolean>;
request-sit <boolean>; // obsolete
require-server-cookie <boolean>;
reserved-sockets <integer>;
resolver-nonbackoff-tries <integer>;
resolver-query-timeout <integer>;
resolver-retry-interval <integer>;
response-padding { <address_match_element>; ... } block-size
<integer>;
response-policy { zone <quoted_string> [ log <boolean> ] [
max-policy-ttl <integer> ] [ min-update-interval <integer> ] [
policy ( cname | disabled | drop | given | no-op | nodata |
nxdomain | passthru | tcp-only <quoted_string> ) ] [
recursive-only <boolean> ] [ nsip-enable <boolean> ] [
nsdname-enable <boolean> ]; ... } [ break-dnssec <boolean> ] [
max-policy-ttl <integer> ] [ min-update-interval <integer> ] [
min-ns-dots <integer> ] [ nsip-wait-recurse <boolean> ] [
qname-wait-recurse <boolean> ] [ recursive-only <boolean> ] [
nsip-enable <boolean> ] [ nsdname-enable <boolean> ] [
dnsrps-enable <boolean> ] [ dnsrps-options { <unspecified-text>
} ];
rfc2308-type1 <boolean>; // not yet implemented
root-delegation-only [ exclude { <quoted_string>; ... } ];
rrset-order { [ class <string> ] [ type <string> ] [ name
<quoted_string> ] <string> <string>; ... };
secroots-file <quoted_string>;
send-cookie <boolean>;
serial-queries <integer>; // obsolete
serial-query-rate <integer>;
serial-update-method ( date | increment | unixtime );
server-id ( <quoted_string> | none | hostname );
servfail-ttl <ttlval>;
session-keyalg <string>;
session-keyfile ( <quoted_string> | none );
session-keyname <string>;
sig-signing-nodes <integer>;
sig-signing-signatures <integer>;
sig-signing-type <integer>;
sig-validity-interval <integer> [ <integer> ];
sit-secret <string>; // obsolete
sortlist { <address_match_element>; ... };
stacksize ( default | unlimited | <sizeval> );
stale-answer-enable <boolean>;
stale-answer-ttl <ttlval>;
startup-notify-rate <integer>;
statistics-file <quoted_string>;
statistics-interval <integer>; // not yet implemented
suppress-initial-notify <boolean>; // not yet implemented
synth-from-dnssec <boolean>;
tcp-advertised-timeout <integer>;
tcp-clients <integer>;
tcp-idle-timeout <integer>;
tcp-initial-timeout <integer>;
tcp-keepalive-timeout <integer>;
tcp-listen-queue <integer>;
tkey-dhkey <quoted_string> <integer>;
tkey-domain <quoted_string>;
tkey-gssapi-credential <quoted_string>;
tkey-gssapi-keytab <quoted_string>;
topology { <address_match_element>; ... }; // not implemented
transfer-format ( many-answers | one-answer );
transfer-message-size <integer>;
transfer-source ( <ipv4_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> | * ) ] [
dscp <integer> ];
transfer-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> | * )
] [ dscp <integer> ];
transfers-in <integer>;
transfers-out <integer>;
transfers-per-ns <integer>;
treat-cr-as-space <boolean>; // obsolete
trust-anchor-telemetry <boolean>; // experimental
try-tcp-refresh <boolean>;
update-check-ksk <boolean>;
use-alt-transfer-source <boolean>;
use-id-pool <boolean>; // obsolete
use-ixfr <boolean>; // obsolete
use-queryport-pool <boolean>; // obsolete
use-v4-udp-ports { <portrange>; ... };
use-v6-udp-ports { <portrange>; ... };
v6-bias <integer>;
version ( <quoted_string> | none );
zero-no-soa-ttl <boolean>;
zero-no-soa-ttl-cache <boolean>;
zone-statistics ( full | terse | none | <boolean> );
};
server <netprefix> {
bogus <boolean>;
edns <boolean>;
edns-udp-size <integer>;
edns-version <integer>;
keys <server_key>;
max-udp-size <integer>;
notify-source ( <ipv4_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> | * ) ] [
dscp <integer> ];
notify-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> | * ) ]
[ dscp <integer> ];
padding <integer>;
provide-ixfr <boolean>;
query-source ( ( [ address ] ( <ipv4_address> | * ) [ port (
<integer> | * ) ] ) | ( [ [ address ] ( <ipv4_address> | * ) ]
port ( <integer> | * ) ) ) [ dscp <integer> ];
query-source-v6 ( ( [ address ] ( <ipv6_address> | * ) [ port (
<integer> | * ) ] ) | ( [ [ address ] ( <ipv6_address> | * ) ]
port ( <integer> | * ) ) ) [ dscp <integer> ];
request-expire <boolean>;
request-ixfr <boolean>;
request-nsid <boolean>;
request-sit <boolean>; // obsolete
send-cookie <boolean>;
support-ixfr <boolean>; // obsolete
tcp-keepalive <boolean>;
tcp-only <boolean>;
transfer-format ( many-answers | one-answer );
transfer-source ( <ipv4_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> | * ) ] [
dscp <integer> ];
transfer-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> | * )
] [ dscp <integer> ];
transfers <integer>;
}; // may occur multiple times
statistics-channels {
inet ( <ipv4_address> | <ipv6_address> |
* ) [ port ( <integer> | * ) ] [
allow { <address_match_element>; ...
} ]; // may occur multiple times
}; // may occur multiple times
trusted-keys { <string> <integer> <integer>
<integer> <quoted_string>; ... }; // may occur multiple times
view <string> [ <class> ] {
acache-cleaning-interval <integer>; // obsolete
acache-enable <boolean>; // obsolete
additional-from-auth <boolean>; // obsolete
additional-from-cache <boolean>; // obsolete
allow-new-zones <boolean>;
allow-notify { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-query { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-query-cache { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-query-cache-on { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-query-on { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-recursion { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-recursion-on { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-transfer { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-update { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-update-forwarding { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-v6-synthesis { <address_match_element>; ... }; // obsolete
also-notify [ port <integer> ] [ dscp <integer> ] { ( <masters> |
<ipv4_address> [ port <integer> ] | <ipv6_address> [ port
<integer> ] ) [ key <string> ]; ... };
alt-transfer-source ( <ipv4_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> | * )
] [ dscp <integer> ];
alt-transfer-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> |
* ) ] [ dscp <integer> ];
attach-cache <string>;
auth-nxdomain <boolean>; // default changed
auto-dnssec ( allow | maintain | off );
cache-file <quoted_string>;
catalog-zones { zone <quoted_string> [ default-masters [ port
<integer> ] [ dscp <integer> ] { ( <masters> | <ipv4_address> [
port <integer> ] | <ipv6_address> [ port <integer> ] ) [ key
<string> ]; ... } ] [ zone-directory <quoted_string> ] [
in-memory <boolean> ] [ min-update-interval <integer> ]; ... };
check-dup-records ( fail | warn | ignore );
check-integrity <boolean>;
check-mx ( fail | warn | ignore );
check-mx-cname ( fail | warn | ignore );
check-names ( master | slave | response
) ( fail | warn | ignore ); // may occur multiple times
check-sibling <boolean>;
check-spf ( warn | ignore );
check-srv-cname ( fail | warn | ignore );
check-wildcard <boolean>;
cleaning-interval <integer>;
clients-per-query <integer>;
deny-answer-addresses { <address_match_element>; ... } [
except-from { <quoted_string>; ... } ];
deny-answer-aliases { <quoted_string>; ... } [ except-from {
<quoted_string>; ... } ];
dialup ( notify | notify-passive | passive | refresh | <boolean> );
disable-algorithms <string> { <string>;
... }; // may occur multiple times
disable-ds-digests <string> { <string>;
... }; // may occur multiple times
disable-empty-zone <string>; // may occur multiple times
dlz <string> {
database <string>;
search <boolean>;
}; // may occur multiple times
dns64 <netprefix> {
break-dnssec <boolean>;
clients { <address_match_element>; ... };
exclude { <address_match_element>; ... };
mapped { <address_match_element>; ... };
recursive-only <boolean>;
suffix <ipv6_address>;
}; // may occur multiple times
dns64-contact <string>;
dns64-server <string>;
dnsrps-enable <boolean>; // not configured
dnsrps-options { <unspecified-text> }; // not configured
dnssec-accept-expired <boolean>;
dnssec-dnskey-kskonly <boolean>;
dnssec-enable <boolean>;
dnssec-loadkeys-interval <integer>;
dnssec-lookaside ( <string> trust-anchor
<string> | auto | no ); // may occur multiple times
dnssec-must-be-secure <string> <boolean>; // may occur multiple times
dnssec-secure-to-insecure <boolean>;
dnssec-update-mode ( maintain | no-resign );
dnssec-validation ( yes | no | auto );
dnstap { ( all | auth | client | forwarder |
resolver ) [ ( query | response ) ]; ... }; // not configured
dual-stack-servers [ port <integer> ] { ( <quoted_string> [ port
<integer> ] [ dscp <integer> ] | <ipv4_address> [ port
<integer> ] [ dscp <integer> ] | <ipv6_address> [ port
<integer> ] [ dscp <integer> ] ); ... };
dyndb <string> <quoted_string> {
<unspecified-text> }; // may occur multiple times
edns-udp-size <integer>;
empty-contact <string>;
empty-server <string>;
empty-zones-enable <boolean>;
fetch-glue <boolean>; // obsolete
fetch-quota-params <integer> <fixedpoint> <fixedpoint> <fixedpoint>;
fetches-per-server <integer> [ ( drop | fail ) ];
fetches-per-zone <integer> [ ( drop | fail ) ];
filter-aaaa { <address_match_element>; ... }; // not configured
filter-aaaa-on-v4 ( break-dnssec | <boolean> ); // not configured
filter-aaaa-on-v6 ( break-dnssec | <boolean> ); // not configured
forward ( first | only );
forwarders [ port <integer> ] [ dscp <integer> ] { ( <ipv4_address>
| <ipv6_address> ) [ port <integer> ] [ dscp <integer> ]; ... };
glue-cache <boolean>;
inline-signing <boolean>;
ixfr-from-differences ( master | slave | <boolean> );
key <string> {
algorithm <string>;
secret <string>;
}; // may occur multiple times
key-directory <quoted_string>;
lame-ttl <ttlval>;
lmdb-mapsize <sizeval>; // non-operational
maintain-ixfr-base <boolean>; // obsolete
managed-keys { <string> <string>
<integer> <integer> <integer>
<quoted_string>; ... }; // may occur multiple times
masterfile-format ( map | raw | text );
masterfile-style ( full | relative );
match-clients { <address_match_element>; ... };
match-destinations { <address_match_element>; ... };
match-recursive-only <boolean>;
max-acache-size ( unlimited | <sizeval> ); // obsolete
max-cache-size ( default | unlimited | <sizeval> | <percentage> );
max-cache-ttl <integer>;
max-clients-per-query <integer>;
max-ixfr-log-size ( default | unlimited | <sizeval> ); // obsolete
max-journal-size ( default | unlimited | <sizeval> );
max-ncache-ttl <integer>;
max-records <integer>;
max-recursion-depth <integer>;
max-recursion-queries <integer>;
max-refresh-time <integer>;
max-retry-time <integer>;
max-stale-ttl <ttlval>;
max-transfer-idle-in <integer>;
max-transfer-idle-out <integer>;
max-transfer-time-in <integer>;
max-transfer-time-out <integer>;
max-udp-size <integer>;
max-zone-ttl ( unlimited | <ttlval> );
message-compression <boolean>;
min-refresh-time <integer>;
min-retry-time <integer>;
min-roots <integer>; // not implemented
minimal-any <boolean>;
minimal-responses ( no-auth | no-auth-recursive | <boolean> );
multi-master <boolean>;
new-zones-directory <quoted_string>;
no-case-compress { <address_match_element>; ... };
nocookie-udp-size <integer>;
nosit-udp-size <integer>; // obsolete
notify ( explicit | master-only | <boolean> );
notify-delay <integer>;
notify-source ( <ipv4_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> | * ) ] [
dscp <integer> ];
notify-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> | * ) ]
[ dscp <integer> ];
notify-to-soa <boolean>;
nsec3-test-zone <boolean>; // test only
nta-lifetime <ttlval>;
nta-recheck <ttlval>;
nxdomain-redirect <string>;
preferred-glue <string>;
prefetch <integer> [ <integer> ];
provide-ixfr <boolean>;
query-source ( ( [ address ] ( <ipv4_address> | * ) [ port (
<integer> | * ) ] ) | ( [ [ address ] ( <ipv4_address> | * ) ]
port ( <integer> | * ) ) ) [ dscp <integer> ];
query-source-v6 ( ( [ address ] ( <ipv6_address> | * ) [ port (
<integer> | * ) ] ) | ( [ [ address ] ( <ipv6_address> | * ) ]
port ( <integer> | * ) ) ) [ dscp <integer> ];
queryport-pool-ports <integer>; // obsolete
queryport-pool-updateinterval <integer>; // obsolete
rate-limit {
all-per-second <integer>;
errors-per-second <integer>;
exempt-clients { <address_match_element>; ... };
ipv4-prefix-length <integer>;
ipv6-prefix-length <integer>;
log-only <boolean>;
max-table-size <integer>;
min-table-size <integer>;
nodata-per-second <integer>;
nxdomains-per-second <integer>;
qps-scale <integer>;
referrals-per-second <integer>;
responses-per-second <integer>;
slip <integer>;
window <integer>;
};
recursion <boolean>;
request-expire <boolean>;
request-ixfr <boolean>;
request-nsid <boolean>;
request-sit <boolean>; // obsolete
require-server-cookie <boolean>;
resolver-nonbackoff-tries <integer>;
resolver-query-timeout <integer>;
resolver-retry-interval <integer>;
response-padding { <address_match_element>; ... } block-size
<integer>;
response-policy { zone <quoted_string> [ log <boolean> ] [
max-policy-ttl <integer> ] [ min-update-interval <integer> ] [
policy ( cname | disabled | drop | given | no-op | nodata |
nxdomain | passthru | tcp-only <quoted_string> ) ] [
recursive-only <boolean> ] [ nsip-enable <boolean> ] [
nsdname-enable <boolean> ]; ... } [ break-dnssec <boolean> ] [
max-policy-ttl <integer> ] [ min-update-interval <integer> ] [
min-ns-dots <integer> ] [ nsip-wait-recurse <boolean> ] [
qname-wait-recurse <boolean> ] [ recursive-only <boolean> ] [
nsip-enable <boolean> ] [ nsdname-enable <boolean> ] [
dnsrps-enable <boolean> ] [ dnsrps-options { <unspecified-text>
} ];
rfc2308-type1 <boolean>; // not yet implemented
root-delegation-only [ exclude { <quoted_string>; ... } ];
rrset-order { [ class <string> ] [ type <string> ] [ name
<quoted_string> ] <string> <string>; ... };
send-cookie <boolean>;
serial-update-method ( date | increment | unixtime );
server <netprefix> {
bogus <boolean>;
edns <boolean>;
edns-udp-size <integer>;
edns-version <integer>;
keys <server_key>;
max-udp-size <integer>;
notify-source ( <ipv4_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> | *
) ] [ dscp <integer> ];
notify-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer>
| * ) ] [ dscp <integer> ];
padding <integer>;
provide-ixfr <boolean>;
query-source ( ( [ address ] ( <ipv4_address> | * ) [ port
( <integer> | * ) ] ) | ( [ [ address ] (
<ipv4_address> | * ) ] port ( <integer> | * ) ) ) [
dscp <integer> ];
query-source-v6 ( ( [ address ] ( <ipv6_address> | * ) [
port ( <integer> | * ) ] ) | ( [ [ address ] (
<ipv6_address> | * ) ] port ( <integer> | * ) ) ) [
dscp <integer> ];
request-expire <boolean>;
request-ixfr <boolean>;
request-nsid <boolean>;
request-sit <boolean>; // obsolete
send-cookie <boolean>;
support-ixfr <boolean>; // obsolete
tcp-keepalive <boolean>;
tcp-only <boolean>;
transfer-format ( many-answers | one-answer );
transfer-source ( <ipv4_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> |
* ) ] [ dscp <integer> ];
transfer-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * ) [ port (
<integer> | * ) ] [ dscp <integer> ];
transfers <integer>;
}; // may occur multiple times
servfail-ttl <ttlval>;
sig-signing-nodes <integer>;
sig-signing-signatures <integer>;
sig-signing-type <integer>;
sig-validity-interval <integer> [ <integer> ];
sortlist { <address_match_element>; ... };
stale-answer-enable <boolean>;
stale-answer-ttl <ttlval>;
suppress-initial-notify <boolean>; // not yet implemented
synth-from-dnssec <boolean>;
topology { <address_match_element>; ... }; // not implemented
transfer-format ( many-answers | one-answer );
transfer-source ( <ipv4_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> | * ) ] [
dscp <integer> ];
transfer-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> | * )
] [ dscp <integer> ];
trust-anchor-telemetry <boolean>; // experimental
trusted-keys { <string> <integer>
<integer> <integer> <quoted_string>;
... }; // may occur multiple times
try-tcp-refresh <boolean>;
update-check-ksk <boolean>;
use-alt-transfer-source <boolean>;
use-queryport-pool <boolean>; // obsolete
v6-bias <integer>;
zero-no-soa-ttl <boolean>;
zero-no-soa-ttl-cache <boolean>;
zone <string> [ <class> ] {
allow-notify { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-query { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-query-on { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-transfer { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-update { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-update-forwarding { <address_match_element>; ... };
also-notify [ port <integer> ] [ dscp <integer> ] { (
<masters> | <ipv4_address> [ port <integer> ] |
<ipv6_address> [ port <integer> ] ) [ key <string> ];
... };
alt-transfer-source ( <ipv4_address> | * ) [ port (
<integer> | * ) ] [ dscp <integer> ];
alt-transfer-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * ) [ port (
<integer> | * ) ] [ dscp <integer> ];
auto-dnssec ( allow | maintain | off );
check-dup-records ( fail | warn | ignore );
check-integrity <boolean>;
check-mx ( fail | warn | ignore );
check-mx-cname ( fail | warn | ignore );
check-names ( fail | warn | ignore );
check-sibling <boolean>;
check-spf ( warn | ignore );
check-srv-cname ( fail | warn | ignore );
check-wildcard <boolean>;
database <string>;
delegation-only <boolean>;
dialup ( notify | notify-passive | passive | refresh |
<boolean> );
dlz <string>;
dnssec-dnskey-kskonly <boolean>;
dnssec-loadkeys-interval <integer>;
dnssec-secure-to-insecure <boolean>;
dnssec-update-mode ( maintain | no-resign );
file <quoted_string>;
forward ( first | only );
forwarders [ port <integer> ] [ dscp <integer> ] { (
<ipv4_address> | <ipv6_address> ) [ port <integer> ] [
dscp <integer> ]; ... };
in-view <string>;
inline-signing <boolean>;
ixfr-base <quoted_string>; // obsolete
ixfr-from-differences <boolean>;
ixfr-tmp-file <quoted_string>; // obsolete
journal <quoted_string>;
key-directory <quoted_string>;
maintain-ixfr-base <boolean>; // obsolete
masterfile-format ( map | raw | text );
masterfile-style ( full | relative );
masters [ port <integer> ] [ dscp <integer> ] { ( <masters>
| <ipv4_address> [ port <integer> ] | <ipv6_address> [
port <integer> ] ) [ key <string> ]; ... };
max-ixfr-log-size ( default | unlimited |
<sizeval> ); // obsolete
max-journal-size ( default | unlimited | <sizeval> );
max-records <integer>;
max-refresh-time <integer>;
max-retry-time <integer>;
max-transfer-idle-in <integer>;
max-transfer-idle-out <integer>;
max-transfer-time-in <integer>;
max-transfer-time-out <integer>;
max-zone-ttl ( unlimited | <ttlval> );
min-refresh-time <integer>;
min-retry-time <integer>;
multi-master <boolean>;
notify ( explicit | master-only | <boolean> );
notify-delay <integer>;
notify-source ( <ipv4_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> | *
) ] [ dscp <integer> ];
notify-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer>
| * ) ] [ dscp <integer> ];
notify-to-soa <boolean>;
nsec3-test-zone <boolean>; // test only
pubkey <integer>
<integer>
<integer>
<quoted_string>; // obsolete, may occur multiple times
request-expire <boolean>;
request-ixfr <boolean>;
serial-update-method ( date | increment | unixtime );
server-addresses { ( <ipv4_address> | <ipv6_address> ) [
port <integer> ]; ... };
server-names { <quoted_string>; ... };
sig-signing-nodes <integer>;
sig-signing-signatures <integer>;
sig-signing-type <integer>;
sig-validity-interval <integer> [ <integer> ];
transfer-source ( <ipv4_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> |
* ) ] [ dscp <integer> ];
transfer-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * ) [ port (
<integer> | * ) ] [ dscp <integer> ];
try-tcp-refresh <boolean>;
type ( delegation-only | forward | hint | master | redirect
| slave | static-stub | stub );
update-check-ksk <boolean>;
update-policy ( local | { ( deny | grant ) <string> (
6to4-self | external | krb5-self | krb5-subdomain |
ms-self | ms-subdomain | name | self | selfsub |
selfwild | subdomain | tcp-self | wildcard | zonesub )
[ <string> ] <rrtypelist>; ... };
use-alt-transfer-source <boolean>;
zero-no-soa-ttl <boolean>;
zone-statistics ( full | terse | none | <boolean> );
}; // may occur multiple times
zone-statistics ( full | terse | none | <boolean> );
}; // may occur multiple times
zone <string> [ <class> ] {
allow-notify { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-query { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-query-on { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-transfer { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-update { <address_match_element>; ... };
allow-update-forwarding { <address_match_element>; ... };
also-notify [ port <integer> ] [ dscp <integer> ] { ( <masters> |
<ipv4_address> [ port <integer> ] | <ipv6_address> [ port
<integer> ] ) [ key <string> ]; ... };
alt-transfer-source ( <ipv4_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> | * )
] [ dscp <integer> ];
alt-transfer-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> |
* ) ] [ dscp <integer> ];
auto-dnssec ( allow | maintain | off );
check-dup-records ( fail | warn | ignore );
check-integrity <boolean>;
check-mx ( fail | warn | ignore );
check-mx-cname ( fail | warn | ignore );
check-names ( fail | warn | ignore );
check-sibling <boolean>;
check-spf ( warn | ignore );
check-srv-cname ( fail | warn | ignore );
check-wildcard <boolean>;
database <string>;
delegation-only <boolean>;
dialup ( notify | notify-passive | passive | refresh | <boolean> );
dlz <string>;
dnssec-dnskey-kskonly <boolean>;
dnssec-loadkeys-interval <integer>;
dnssec-secure-to-insecure <boolean>;
dnssec-update-mode ( maintain | no-resign );
file <quoted_string>;
forward ( first | only );
forwarders [ port <integer> ] [ dscp <integer> ] { ( <ipv4_address>
| <ipv6_address> ) [ port <integer> ] [ dscp <integer> ]; ... };
in-view <string>;
inline-signing <boolean>;
ixfr-base <quoted_string>; // obsolete
ixfr-from-differences <boolean>;
ixfr-tmp-file <quoted_string>; // obsolete
journal <quoted_string>;
key-directory <quoted_string>;
maintain-ixfr-base <boolean>; // obsolete
masterfile-format ( map | raw | text );
masterfile-style ( full | relative );
masters [ port <integer> ] [ dscp <integer> ] { ( <masters> |
<ipv4_address> [ port <integer> ] | <ipv6_address> [ port
<integer> ] ) [ key <string> ]; ... };
max-ixfr-log-size ( default | unlimited | <sizeval> ); // obsolete
max-journal-size ( default | unlimited | <sizeval> );
max-records <integer>;
max-refresh-time <integer>;
max-retry-time <integer>;
max-transfer-idle-in <integer>;
max-transfer-idle-out <integer>;
max-transfer-time-in <integer>;
max-transfer-time-out <integer>;
max-zone-ttl ( unlimited | <ttlval> );
min-refresh-time <integer>;
min-retry-time <integer>;
multi-master <boolean>;
notify ( explicit | master-only | <boolean> );
notify-delay <integer>;
notify-source ( <ipv4_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> | * ) ] [
dscp <integer> ];
notify-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> | * ) ]
[ dscp <integer> ];
notify-to-soa <boolean>;
nsec3-test-zone <boolean>; // test only
pubkey <integer> <integer>
<integer> <quoted_string>; // obsolete, may occur multiple times
request-expire <boolean>;
request-ixfr <boolean>;
serial-update-method ( date | increment | unixtime );
server-addresses { ( <ipv4_address> | <ipv6_address> ) [ port
<integer> ]; ... };
server-names { <quoted_string>; ... };
sig-signing-nodes <integer>;
sig-signing-signatures <integer>;
sig-signing-type <integer>;
sig-validity-interval <integer> [ <integer> ];
transfer-source ( <ipv4_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> | * ) ] [
dscp <integer> ];
transfer-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> | * )
] [ dscp <integer> ];
try-tcp-refresh <boolean>;
type ( delegation-only | forward | hint | master | redirect | slave
| static-stub | stub );
update-check-ksk <boolean>;
update-policy ( local | { ( deny | grant ) <string> ( 6to4-self |
external | krb5-self | krb5-subdomain | ms-self | ms-subdomain
| name | self | selfsub | selfwild | subdomain | tcp-self |
wildcard | zonesub ) [ <string> ] <rrtypelist>; ... };
use-alt-transfer-source <boolean>;
zero-no-soa-ttl <boolean>;
zone-statistics ( full | terse | none | <boolean> );
}; // may occur multiple times

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.\" Copyright (C) 2009, 2014-2017 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
.\"
.\" This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
.\" License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
.\" file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
.\"
.hy 0
.ad l
'\" t
.\" Title: isc-config.sh
.\" Author:
.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.78.1 <http://docbook.sf.net/>
.\" Date: 2009-02-18
.\" Manual: BIND9
.\" Source: ISC
.\" Language: English
.\"
.TH "ISC\-CONFIG\&.SH" "1" "2009\-02\-18" "ISC" "BIND9"
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
.\" * Define some portability stuff
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
.\" * set default formatting
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
.\" disable hyphenation
.nh
.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
.ad l
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
.SH "NAME"
isc-config.sh \- Get information about the installed version of ISC BIND
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.HP \w'\fBisc\-config\&.sh\fR\ 'u
\fBisc\-config\&.sh\fR [\fB\-\-cflags\fR] [\fB\-\-exec\-prefix\fR] [\fB\-\-libs\fR] [\fB\-\-prefix\fR] [\fB\-\-version\fR] [libraries...]
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.PP
\fBisc\-config\&.sh\fR
prints information related to the installed version of ISC BIND, such as the compiler and linker flags required to compile and link programs that use ISC BIND libraries\&.
.PP
The optional libraries are used to report specific details for compiling and linking for the listed libraries\&. The allowed choices are:
\fBisc\fR,
\fBisccc\fR,
\fBisccfg\fR,
\fBdns\fR,
\fBbind9\fR\&. Multiple libraries may be listed on the command line\&. (Some libraries require other libraries, so are implied\&.)
.SH "OPTIONS"
.PP
\-\-cflags
.RS 4
Prints the compiler command line options required to compile files that use ISC BIND\&. Use the
\fBlibraries\fR
command line argument(s) to print additional specific flags to pass to the C compiler\&.
.RE
.PP
\-\-exec\-prefix
.RS 4
Prints the directory prefix used in the ISC BIND installation for architecture dependent files to standard output\&.
.RE
.PP
\-\-libs
.RS 4
Prints the linker command line options used to link with the ISC BIND libraries\&. Use the
\fBlibraries\fR
command line argument(s) to print additional specific flags\&.
.RE
.PP
\-\-prefix
.RS 4
Prints the directory prefix used in the ISC BIND installation for architecture independent files to standard output\&.
.RE
.PP
\-\-version
.RS 4
Prints the version of the installed ISC BIND suite\&.
.RE
.SH "RETURN VALUES"
.PP
\fBisc\-config\&.sh\fR
returns an exit status of 1 if invoked with invalid arguments or no arguments at all\&. It returns 0 if information was successfully printed\&.
.SH "AUTHOR"
.PP
\fBInternet Systems Consortium, Inc\&.\fR
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
.br
Copyright \(co 2009, 2014-2017 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
.br

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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<!--
- Copyright (C) 2009, 2014-2017 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
-
- This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
-->
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>isc-config.sh</title>
<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.78.1">
</head>
<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="refentry">
<a name="man.isc-config.sh"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
<div class="refnamediv">
<h2>Name</h2>
<p>
<span class="application">isc-config.sh</span>
&#8212; Get information about the installed version of ISC BIND
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsynopsisdiv">
<h2>Synopsis</h2>
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p>
<code class="command">isc-config.sh</code>
[<code class="option">--cflags</code>]
[<code class="option">--exec-prefix</code>]
[<code class="option">--libs</code>]
[<code class="option">--prefix</code>]
[<code class="option">--version</code>]
[libraries...]
</p></div>
</div>
<div class="refsection">
<a name="id-1.7"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p><span class="command"><strong>isc-config.sh</strong></span>
prints information related to the installed version of ISC BIND,
such as the compiler and linker flags required to compile
and link programs that use ISC BIND libraries.
</p>
<p>
The optional libraries are used to report specific details
for compiling and linking for the listed libraries.
The allowed choices are:
<code class="option">isc</code>,
<code class="option">isccc</code>,
<code class="option">isccfg</code>,
<code class="option">dns</code>,
<code class="option">bind9</code>.
Multiple libraries may be listed on the command line.
(Some libraries require other libraries, so are implied.)
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsection">
<a name="id-1.8"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
<dt><span class="term">--cflags</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Prints the compiler command line options required to
compile files that use ISC BIND.
Use the <code class="option">libraries</code> command line argument(s)
to print additional specific flags to pass to the C compiler.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">--exec-prefix</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Prints the directory prefix used in the ISC BIND installation
for architecture dependent files to standard output.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">--libs</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Prints the linker command line options used to
link with the ISC BIND libraries.
Use the <code class="option">libraries</code> command line argument(s)
to print additional specific flags.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">--prefix</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Prints the directory prefix used in the ISC BIND installation
for architecture independent files to standard output.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">--version</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Prints the version of the installed ISC BIND suite.
</p>
</dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsection">
<a name="id-1.9"></a><h2>RETURN VALUES</h2>
<p><span class="command"><strong>isc-config.sh</strong></span>
returns an exit status of 1 if
invoked with invalid arguments or no arguments at all.
It returns 0 if information was successfully printed.
</p>
</div>
</div></body>
</html>